Laser-modified titanium surfaces enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

• Published in: Stem cell research & therapy 2017-11, Vol.8 (1), p.269-269, Article 269
• Main Authors: Bressel, Tatiana A B, de Queiroz, Jana Dara Freires, Gomes Moreira, Susana Margarida, da Fonseca, Jéssyca T, Filho, Edson A, Guastaldi, Antônio Carlos, Batistuzzo de Medeiros, Silvia Regina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase - genetics; Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism; Biocompatibility; Biomarkers - metabolism; Biomedical materials; Bone implants; Bone marrow; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - genetics; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - metabolism; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; Chemical properties; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit - genetics; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit - metabolism; Diffraction; Gene Expression; Human umbilical cord; Humans; Hydroxyapatite; Laser beam (Yb-YAG); Laser beams; Lasers; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - drug effects; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - metabolism; Mesenchyme; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mineralization; Osseointegration; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoblasts - metabolism; Osteocalcin - genetics; Osteocalcin - metabolism; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Osteogenesis - genetics; Osteoinduction; Osteopontin - genetics; Osteopontin - metabolism; Polymerase chain reaction; Primary Cell Culture; Prostheses and Implants; Regenerative medicine; Scanning electron microscopy; Skin & tissue grafts; Stem cells; Studies; Surface modification; Surface Properties; Titanium; Titanium - pharmacology; Titanium - radiation effects; Titanium alloys; Topography; Transplants & implants; Umbilical cord; Umbilical Cord - cytology; Umbilical Cord - drug effects; Umbilical Cord - metabolism; X-ray diffraction; X-rays
• ISSN: 1757-6512; 1757-6512
• DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0717-9

Titanium surfaces have been modified by various approaches with the aim of improving the stimulation of osseointegration. Laser beam (Yb-YAG) treatment is a controllable and flexible approach to modifying surfaces. It creates a complex surface topography with micro and nano-scaled patterns, and an oxide layer that can improve the osseointegration of implants, increasing their usefulness as bone implant materials. Laser beam irradiation at various fluences (132, 210, or 235 J/cm ) was used to treat commercially pure titanium discs to create complex surface topographies. The titanium discs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and measurement of contact angles. The surface generated at a fluence of 235 J/cm was used in the biological assays. The behavior of mesenchymal stem cells from an umbilical cord vein was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a mineralization assay, and an alkaline phosphatase activity assay and by carrying out a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for osteogenic markers. CHO-k1 cells were also exposed to titanium discs in the MTT assay. The best titanium surface was that produced by laser beam irradiation at 235 J/cm fluence. Cell proliferation analysis revealed that the CHO-k1 and mesenchymal stem cells behaved differently. The laser-processed titanium surface increased the proliferation of CHO-k1 cells, reduced the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells, upregulated the expression of the osteogenic markers, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity. The laser-treated titanium surface modulated cellular behavior depending on the cell type, and stimulated osteogenic differentiation. This evidence supports the potential use of laser-processed titanium surfaces as bone implant materials, and their use in regenerative medicine could promote better outcomes.