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Leucocyte Telomere Length and Glucose Tolerance Status in Mixed-Ancestry South Africans

Telomeres are DNA-tandem repeats situated at the ends of chromosomes and are responsible for genome stabilization. They are eroded by increased cell division, age and oxidative stress with shortened leucocyte telomeres (LTL) being associated with inflammatory disorders, including Type II diabetes. W...

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Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-05, Vol.8 (5), p.464
Main Authors: Weale, Cecil J, Davison, Glenda M, Hon, Gloudina M, Kengne, Andre P, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Matsha, Tandi E
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creator Weale, Cecil J
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description Telomeres are DNA-tandem repeats situated at the ends of chromosomes and are responsible for genome stabilization. They are eroded by increased cell division, age and oxidative stress with shortened leucocyte telomeres (LTL) being associated with inflammatory disorders, including Type II diabetes. We assessed LTL in 205 participants across glucose tolerance groups at baseline and after three years in the mixed ancestry population of South Africa which have been shown to have high rates of obesity and T2DM. Baseline and follow-up data included glucose tolerance status, anthropometric measurements, lipids, insulin, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), cotinine, and HbA1c. Telomere length was measured using the absolute telomere q-PCR method performed on a Bio-Rad MiniOpticon Detector. No significant difference was detected in LTL across glucose tolerance groups at both time points, including in subjects who showed a deterioration of their glucose tolerance status. There was, however, a significant negative correlation between LTL and age which was more pronounced in diabetes ( = -0.18, = 0.04) and with GGT ( = -0.16, = 0.027). This longitudinal study has demonstrated that LTL shortening is not evident within three years, nor is it associated with glycaemia. Further studies in a larger sample and over a longer time period is required to confirm these results.
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ispartof Cells (Basel, Switzerland), 2019-05, Vol.8 (5), p.464
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language eng
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source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central
subjects Age Factors
Aged
Binding sites
Blood glucose
Blood Glucose - analysis
Blood pressure
Cell division
Chromosomes
Cotinine
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics
Enzymes
Ethics
Female
Follow-Up Studies
gamma-Glutamyltransferase - blood
Genomes
Glucose
Glucose tolerance
Glucose Tolerance Test
Humans
hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia - epidemiology
Inflammatory diseases
Insulin
Insulin - blood
Insulin resistance
Laboratories
leucocyte telomere length
Leukocytes - cytology
Lipids
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Minority & ethnic groups
Obesity
Obesity - genetics
Oxidative stress
Population
Proteins
South Africa - epidemiology
Telomerase
Telomere - genetics
Telomere Shortening - genetics
Telomeres
type II diabetes
title Leucocyte Telomere Length and Glucose Tolerance Status in Mixed-Ancestry South Africans
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