Association between PM2.5 from a coal mine fire and FeNO concentration 7.5 years later

• Published in: BMC pulmonary medicine 2024-06, Vol.24 (1), p.1-7
• Main Authors: Kress, Sara, Lane, Tyler J, Brown, David, Smith, Catherine L, Gao, Caroline X, McCrabb, Thomas, Thomas, Mikayla, Borg, Brigitte M, Thompson, Bruce R, Abramson, Michael J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air pollution; Asthma; Body mass index; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Climate change; Coal; Coal industry; Coal mining; Composition; Environmental aspects; Health aspects; Inflammation; Landscape fires; Leukocytes (eosinophilic); Nitric oxide; Outdoor air quality; Particles; Particulate matter; Regression analysis; Respiratory; Respiratory tract diseases; Sensitivity analysis; Smoke; Spirometry; Toxicity
• ISSN: 1471-2466; 1471-2466
• DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03075-w

Background and aim There are few long-term studies of respiratory health effects of landscape fires, despite increasing frequency and intensity due to climate change. We investigated the association between exposure to coal mine fire PM.sub.2.5 and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration 7.5 years later. Methods Adult residents of Morwell, who were exposed to the 2014 Hazelwood mine fire over 6 weeks, and unexposed residents of Sale, participated in the Hazelwood Health Study Respiratory Stream in 2021, including measurements of FeNO concentration, a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Individual exposure to coal mine fire PM.sub.2.5 was modelled and mapped to time-location diaries. The effect of exposure to PM.sub.2.5 on log-transformed FeNO in exhaled breath was investigated using multivariate linear regression models in the entire sample and stratified by potentially vulnerable subgroups. Results A total of 326 adults (mean age: 57 years) had FeNO measured. The median FeNO level (interquartile range [IQR]) was 17.5 [15.0] ppb, and individual daily exposure to coal mine fire PM.sub.2.5 was 7.2 [13.8] [micro]g/m.sup.3. We did not identify evidence of association between coal mine fire PM.sub.2.5 exposure and FeNO in the general adult sample, nor in various potentially vulnerable subgroups. The point estimates were consistently close to zero in the total sample and subgroups. Conclusion Despite previous short-term impacts on FeNO and respiratory health outcomes in the medium term, we found no evidence that PM.sub.2.5 from the Hazelwood coal mine fire was associated with any long-term impact on eosinophilic airway inflammation measured by FeNO levels. Keywords: Air pollution, Coal industry, Particulate matter, Respiratory, Smoke, Landscape fires