Evaluating State-Level Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) and Pill Mill Effects on Opioid Consumption in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

The opioid crisis in the United States has had devastating effects on communities across the country, leading many states to pass legislation that limits the prescription of opioid medications in an effort to reduce the number of overdose deaths. This study evaluates the impact of two categories of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Healthcare (Basel) 2023-02, Vol.11 (3), p.437
Main Authors: Sahebi-Fakhrabad, Amirreza, Sadeghi, Amir Hossein, Handfield, Robert
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictions
Controlled substances
difference-in-difference
Dosage and administration
Drug abuse
Drug overdose
Drug stores
Drug utilization
Evaluation
Laws, regulations and rules
Morphine
Narcotics
opioid crisis
Opioids
PDMP
pharmaceutical supply chain
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmacy
Pill Mill
policy analysis
Prescription drugs
Sales
Suppliers
Supply and demand
Supply chains
Wholesalers
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The opioid crisis in the United States has had devastating effects on communities across the country, leading many states to pass legislation that limits the prescription of opioid medications in an effort to reduce the number of overdose deaths. This study evaluates the impact of two categories of PDMP and Pill Mill regulations on the supply of opioid prescriptions at the level of dispensers and distributors (excluding manufacturers) using ARCOS data. The study uses a difference-in-difference method with a two-way fixed design to analyze the data. The study finds that both of the regulations are associated with reductions in the volume of opioid distribution. However, the study reveals that these regulations may have unintended consequences, such as shifting the distribution of controlled substances to neighboring states. For example, in Tennessee, the implementation of Operational PDMP regulations reduces the in-state distribution of opioid drugs by 3.36% (95% CI, 2.37 to 4.3), while the out-of-state distribution to Georgia, which did not have effective PDMP regulations in place, increases by 16.93% (95% CI, 16.42 to 17.44). Our studies emphasize that policymakers should consider the potential for unintended distribution shifts of opioid drugs to neighboring states with laxer regulations as well as varying impacts on different dispenser types.
ISSN:2227-9032
2227-9032
DOI:10.3390/healthcare11030437