On the Psychology of Argument: A Structural Analysis of Former Muslims' Postings Within Malaysian Social Media

• Published in: Frontiers in psychology 2021-10, Vol.12, p.740558-740558
• Main Authors: Hashmi, Umair Munir, Rashid, Radzuwan Ab, Munir, Rabia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: argument levels scheme; former Muslims' postings; Islamic teachings and practices; Malaysia; Psychology; social media; Toulmin model of argument
• ISSN: 1664-1078; 1664-1078
• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.740558

This research attempts to provide insights into the argumentation structures in the discussion of Islam on social media involving 14 Malaysian former Muslims. The social media accounts of the participants were observed for 12 months, from January to December 2019. A total of 368 postings put forth arguments related to Islamic authoritative discourse, the Quran and “Sunnah” of the Prophet Muhammad, to justify their renunciation of the Muslim religion. The analysis revealed that the Level 2 argument, which includes the claim, data to support the claim, and the warrant, was identified as the most common argument structure. Level 5, which has more than one rebuttal, was the least common argument structure. The analysis shows that most argument structures were at the lower levels (1–3) in that they offered no strong, clearly identifiable rebuttals. This study concludes that the arguments put forth by former Muslims, in the main, are loosely constructed rather than attempts to build a strong cumulative argumentation to support their reasons for abandoning the Muslim faith.