Warning on False or True Morels and Button Mushrooms with Potential Toxicity Linked to Hydrazinic Toxins: An Update

Recently, consumption of the gyromitrin-containing neurotoxic mushroom sp. (false morel), as gourmet food was hypothesized to play a role in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genesis. The present review analyses recent data on edibility and toxicity of false and true morels and spp. Controversy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2020-07, Vol.12 (8), p.482
Main Authors: Lagrange, Emmeline, Vernoux, Jean-Paul
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agaricales
agaritine
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Animals
button mushroom
Carcinogens
Cerebellum
Consumption
Food
Free radicals
Fungi
gyromitrin
Health risks
Humans
Hydrazines - toxicity
Ingestion
Metabolites
Mushroom Poisoning
Mushrooms
Mycotoxins - toxicity
Neurotoxicity
Poisoning
Review
safe consumption
Safety measures
Toxicity
Toxins
true morels
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Summary:Recently, consumption of the gyromitrin-containing neurotoxic mushroom sp. (false morel), as gourmet food was hypothesized to play a role in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genesis. The present review analyses recent data on edibility and toxicity of false and true morels and spp. Controversy about the toxic status of was due to variable toxin susceptibility within consumers. We suggest that , another false morel, is also inedible. We found a temporary neurological syndrome (NS) with cerebellar signs associated with high consumption of fresh or dried true morels sp. After ingestion of crude or poorly cooked fresh or dried morels, a gastrointestinal "haemolytic" syndrome was also observed. Agaritine, a water soluble hydrazinic toxin closely related to gyromitrin is present along with metabolites including diazonium ions and free radicals, in spp. and the button mushroom, and in mice after ingestion. It is a potential weak carcinogen in mice, but although no data are available for humans, a lifetime low cumulative extra cancer risk in humans can be estimated to be about 10 . To conclude, a safety measure is to avoid consuming any true morels or button mushrooms when crude or poorly cooked, fresh or dried.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins12080482