Utility of Feathers for Avian Influenza Virus Detection in Commercial Poultry

• Published in: Pathogens (Basel) 2023-12, Vol.12 (12), p.1425
• Main Authors: Azeem, Shahan, Guo, Baoqing, Sato, Yuko, Gauger, Phillip C, Wolc, Anna, Yoon, Kyoung-Jin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Animal feathers; Antigens; Avian flu; Avian influenza; avian influenza virus; Bird migration; Cell culture; Diagnosis; Disease; Disease transmission; Epidemics; feather; Feathers; half-life; Influenza; Laboratories; Management; Mortality; Polymerase chain reaction; Poultry; Poultry industry; real-time polymerase chain reaction; Risk factors; Serology; Surveillance; Temperature; Viruses
• ISSN: 2076-0817; 2076-0817
• DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121425

The present study evaluated the potential utility of feather samples for the convenient and accurate detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) in commercial poultry. Feather samples were obtained from AIV-negative commercial layer facilities in Iowa, USA. The feathers were spiked with various concentrations (10 to 10 ) of a low pathogenic strain of H5N2 AIV using a nebulizing device and were evaluated for the detection of viral RNA using a real-time RT-PCR assay immediately or after incubation at -20, 4, 22, or 37 °C for 24, 48, or 72 h. Likewise, cell culture medium samples with and without the virus were prepared and used for comparison. In the spiked feathers, the PCR reliably (i.e., 100% probability of detection) detected AIV RNA in eluates from samples sprayed with 10 EID /mL or more of the virus. Based on half-life estimates, the feathers performed better than the corresponding media samples ( < 0.05), particularly when the samples were stored at 22 or 37 °C. In conclusion, feather samples can be routinely collected from a poultry barn as a non-invasive alternative to blood or oropharyngeal-cloacal swab samples for monitoring AIV.