Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma

Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging fr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mediators of Inflammation 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.690-697-465
Main Authors: Maselli, Rosario, Calabrese, Cecilia, Gallelli, Luca, Busceti, Maria Teresa, Vatrella, Alessandro, Pelaia, Girolamo, Terracciano, Rosa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airway (Medicine)
Allergies
Animals
Asthma
Asthma - immunology
Cell Differentiation
Chemokines
Colleges & universities
Cytokines
Cytokines - immunology
Dendritic cells
Dendritic Cells - cytology
Eosinophilia - immunology
Health aspects
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Ligands
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - cytology
Neutrophils
Neutrophils - immunology
Phenotype
Physiological aspects
Review
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
Th17 Cells - cytology
Th2 Cells - cytology
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging from mild-to-moderate to severe uncontrolled disease, whereas neutrophilic inflammation occurs mostly in more severe asthma. Eosinophilic asthma includes either allergic or nonallergic phenotypes underlying immune responses mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell-derived cytokines, whilst neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent on Th17 cell-induced mechanisms. These immune-inflammatory profiles develop as a consequence of a functional impairment of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, which promotes the activation of dendritic cells directing the differentiation of distinct Th cell subsets. The recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthmatic inflammation are contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, potentially suitable for the implementation of future improvements in antiasthma pharmacologic treatments.
ISSN:0962-9351
1466-1861
DOI:10.1155/2015/879783