Profile of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: SARS CoV-2, a novel corona virus, has emerged in December 2019. The COVID-19 associated mortality is documented in elderly with co morbidities. To have better insight on this issue, the secondary bacterial infections with multi-drug- resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients need to be s...

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Published in:Infection and drug resistance 2022-01, Vol.15, p.5705-5714
Main Authors: Archana, Bhat K, Madi, Deepak, Bhat, Sevitha, Mary, Therese, Mulki, Shalini Shenoy, Kotian, Himani
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Antibiotic resistance
Bacilli
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Carbapenems
Care and treatment
Cefuroxime
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Development and progression
Drug resistance
Drug resistance in microorganisms
Fluoroquinolones
Gram-negative bacilli
Health aspects
India
Infection
klebsiella pneumoniae
Lung diseases
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mortality
Original Research
Pandemics
Patients
Population studies
Risk groups
sars cov 2
secondary infections
Statistical analysis
Vitamin E
Zygomycosis
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Summary:Introduction: SARS CoV-2, a novel corona virus, has emerged in December 2019. The COVID-19 associated mortality is documented in elderly with co morbidities. To have better insight on this issue, the secondary bacterial infections with multi-drug- resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients need to be studied to evaluate the impact of these infections on the outcome. Aim and objectives: To determine the proportion of secondary infections in COVID-19 patients. To study the spectrum of pathogens and antibiogram of the bacteria isolated from secondary infections in such patients. To evaluate the co-existing co-morbidities, treatment and outcome in these patients. Methodology: The retrospective study was conducted in Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, KMC hospitals Attavara and Ambedkar circle, Mangaluru, including all the hospitalized microbiologically confirmed cases of SARS CoV-2 infection. Details pertaining to the study population were collected using a structured proforma. Descriptive data were entered in the form of mean, median and proportions. The categorical values were analyzed using Chi square test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Two hundred COVID-19 hospitalized patients were included. (28) out of 200 patients (14%) studied developed secondary infections. The types of secondary infections were Respiratory infections (50%), blood stream infections (17%), UTI (14%), Rhinocerebral Zygomycosis (17%). The predominant organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (44%), Zygomycetes (17%). The rates of antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacilli were 33% to Cefuroxime, 25% to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones and 16% to carbapenems. The mortality of 42.8% was observed in patients with secondary infections. Conclusion: Close monitoring and follow up especially in high-risk group of severe COVID 19 patients is crucial for better management and outcome. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS CoV 2, secondary infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae, antibiotic resistance
ISSN:1178-6973
1178-6973
DOI:10.2147/IDR.S378221