Mandible infiltration as a clinical signal of extramedullary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in a child: Report of a rare case

• Published in: Oral oncology reports 2024-03, Vol.9, p.100193, Article 100193
• Main Authors: Penafort, Paulo Victor Mendes, Arboleda, Lady Paola Aristizabal, Kussaba, Sérgio Takashi, Cardinalli, Izilda Aparecida, Mendonça, Regina Maria Holanda de, Lopes, Márcio Ajudarte, Vargas, Pablo Agustin, Santos-Silva, Alan Roger
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2772-9060; 2772-9060
• DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100193

B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL/LBL) is a type of malignancy involving uncontrolled proliferation of B-precursor lymphoid cells. This case report delineates B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL/LBL) manifesting in the mandible and medullary regions of a 10-year-old female. Clinically, an irregular swelling with bone cortical destruction and weight loss was observed. Histopathological examination revealed proliferation of CD10, CD43, CD79a, PAX-5, TDT, CD99, and FLI-1 positive small round blue cells, with a 49% lymphoblast infiltration in the bone marrow. Chemotherapy was administered, leading to disease control during the 5-year follow-up. •B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL/LBL) is a rare hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of B-cell precursor lymphoid cells.•Symptoms often include swelling, facial asymmetry, dental mobility, and, in some cases, cortical bone destruction.•Diagnosis involves clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations, which are crucial for distinguishing B-ALL/LBL from other conditions with similar presentations.