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Spatial analysis of urban violence based on emergency room data Análisis espacial de la violencia urbana basada en datos de centros de urgencia Análise espacial da violência urbana baseada em dados de pronto-socorro

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the spatial intensity of urban violence events using wavelet-based methods and emergency room data. METHODS: Information on victims attended at the emergency room of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, from January 1, 2002 to January 11, 2003 were...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista de saúde pública 2008-08, Vol.42 (4), p.648-655
Main Authors: Liliam Pereira de Lima, Julio da Motta Singer, Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:OBJECTIVE: To estimate the spatial intensity of urban violence events using wavelet-based methods and emergency room data. METHODS: Information on victims attended at the emergency room of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, from January 1, 2002 to January 11, 2003 were obtained from hospital records. The spatial distribution of 3,540 events was recorded and a uniform random procedure was used to allocate records with incomplete addresses. Point processes and wavelet analysis technique were used to estimate the spatial intensity, defined as the expected number of events by unit area. RESULTS: Of all georeferenced points, 59% were accidents and 40% were assaults. There is a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the events with high concentration in two districts and three large avenues in the southern area of the city of São Paulo. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital records combined with methodological tools to estimate intensity of events are useful to study urban violence. The wavelet analysis is useful in the computation of the expected number of events and their respective confidence bands for any sub-region and, consequently, in the specification of risk estimates that could be used in decision-making processes for public policies.OBJETIVO: Estimar la intensidad espacial de eventos violentos utilizando metodología estadística basada en ondaletas (wavelets) y en datos de centros de urgencia. MÉTODOS: Fueron analizados datos referentes a víctimas de causas externas atendidas en centros de urgencias municipales localizados en zonas del sur de la ciudad de São Paulo (sudeste de Brasil) en el período de 1/1/2002 a 11/1/2003. Las informaciones fueron adquiridas a partir de registros hospitalarios. Las 3.540 ocurrencias fueron localizadas geográficamente en los casos con dirección incompleta fueron localizados en base en una elección aleatoria uniforme. Procesos puntuales y técnicas de ondaletas fueron utilizados para estimar la intensidad espacial, definida como el número esperado de eventos por unidad de área. RESULTADOS: Del total de ocurrencias georreferenciadas, 59% fueron accidentes y 40% agresiones. La intensidad estimada indica que la distribución espacial de los eventos no es homogénea, concentrándose en dos distritos y tres grandes avenidas localizadas en la zona sur de la ciudad de São Paulo. CONCLUSIONES: La utilización de ondaletas permite obtener el número esperado de eventos y respectiva banda de confianza para cualquier sub-r
ISSN:0034-8910
1518-8787
DOI:10.1590/S0034-89102008000400010