Prospect of cell penetrating peptides in stem cell tracking

Stem cell therapy has shown great efficacy in many diseases. However, the treatment mechanism is still unclear, which is a big obstacle for promoting clinical research. Therefore, it is particularly important to track transplanted stem cells in vivo, find out the distribution and condition of the st...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cell research & therapy 2021-08, Vol.12 (1), p.1-457, Article 457
Main Authors: Zhang, Xiaoshuang, Lei, Tong, Du, Hongwu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cell membranes
Cell penetrating peptides
Cell therapy
Cytotoxicity
Efficiency
Fluorescence imaging
Lipids
Magnetic resonance imaging
Methods
MRI
Nanoparticles
Peptides
Proteins
Review
Stem cell research
Stem cell tracking
Stem cells
Toxicity
Tracers (Biology)
Transplantation
Ultrasound imaging
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Summary:Stem cell therapy has shown great efficacy in many diseases. However, the treatment mechanism is still unclear, which is a big obstacle for promoting clinical research. Therefore, it is particularly important to track transplanted stem cells in vivo, find out the distribution and condition of the stem cells, and furthermore reveal the treatment mechanism. Many tracking methods have been developed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging, and ultrasound imaging (UI). Among them, MRI and UI techniques have been used in clinical. In stem cell tracking, a major drawback of these technologies is that the imaging signal is not strong enough, mainly due to the low cell penetration efficiency of imaging particles. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely used for cargo delivery due to its high efficacy, good safety properties, and wide delivery of various cargoes. However, there are few reports on the application of CPPs in current stem cell tracking methods. In this review, we systematically introduced the mechanism of CPPs into cell membranes and their advantages in stem cell tracking, discussed the clinical applications and limitations of CPPs, and finally we summarized several commonly used CPPs and their specific applications in stem cell tracking. Although it is not an innovation of tracer materials, CPPs as a powerful tool have broad prospects in stem cell tracking. Graphic abstract Keywords: Stem cell tracking, Cell penetrating peptides, MRI, Fluorescence imaging, Ultrasound imaging
ISSN:1757-6512
1757-6512
DOI:10.1186/s13287-021-02522-3