A Tale of Two Fimbriae: How Invasion of Dendritic Cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis Disrupts DC Maturation and Depolarizes the T-Cell-Mediated Immune Response

( ) is a unique pathogen implicated in severe forms of periodontitis (PD), a disease that affects around 50% of the US population. is equipped with a plethora of virulence factors that it uses to exploit its environment and survive. These include distinct fimbrial adhesins that enable it to bind to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2022-03, Vol.11 (3), p.328
Main Authors: Meghil, Mohamed M, Ghaly, Mira, Cutler, Christopher W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive systems
Adhesins
Alveolar bone
Antigen presentation
Antigens
Bacteria
Biofilms
Bone loss
CD40 antigen
CD80 antigen
CD86 antigen
Cell proliferation
Cytokines
Dendritic cells
Diabetes
Effector cells
Helper cells
Hispanic people
IL-1β
Immune response
Immune response (cell-mediated)
Immune system
immunology
Immunoregulation
Inflammation
Interleukin 1
Interleukin 6
Intracellular signalling
Lymphocytes T
Maturation
Metabolism
Nutrients
Pathogens
Patients
Periodontitis
Pili
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Proteins
Review
Senescence
Signal transduction
Stroma
T-cells
Virulence
Virulence factors
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Summary:( ) is a unique pathogen implicated in severe forms of periodontitis (PD), a disease that affects around 50% of the US population. is equipped with a plethora of virulence factors that it uses to exploit its environment and survive. These include distinct fimbrial adhesins that enable it to bind to other microbes, colonize inflamed tissues, acquire nutrients, and invade cells of the stroma and immune system. Most notable for this review is its ability to invade dendritic cells (DCs), which bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. This invasion process is tightly linked to the bridging functions of resultant DCs, in that it can disable (or stimulate) the maturation function of DCs and cytokines that are secreted. Maturation molecules (e.g., MHCII, CD80/CD86, CD40) and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1b, TNFa, IL-6) are essential signals for antigen presentation and for proliferation of effector T-cells such as Th17 cells. In this regard, the ability of to coordinately regulate its expression of major (fimA) and minor (mfa-1) fimbriae under different environmental influences becomes highly relevant. This review will, therefore, focus on the immunoregulatory role of fimbriae in the invasion of DCs, intracellular signaling, and functional outcomes such as alveolar bone loss and immune senescence.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens11030328