An Update on Interleukin-9: From Its Cellular Source and Signal Transduction to Its Role in Immunopathogenesis

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a pleiotropic cytokine and was primarily studied in the context of T helper 2 (T 2)-associated immuno-pathological conditions such as asthma and parasitic infections. There was a paradigm shift in the biology of IL-9 after the recent discovery of T 9 cells, a new subtype of T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2019-04, Vol.20 (9), p.2113
Main Authors: Chakraborty, Sushmita, Kubatzky, Katharina F, Mitra, Dipendra Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Activation
Adapters
Adaptor proteins
Amino acids
Animals
Binding sites
Biomarkers
Cell growth
Cytokines
Disease Susceptibility
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Glucocorticoids
Glycoproteins
Growth factors
Homology
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Immunopathogenesis
Inflammation - etiology
Inflammation - metabolism
inflammatory diseases
Insulin
Interleukin 2
Interleukin 2 receptors
Interleukin 9
Interleukin-9 - genetics
Interleukin-9 - metabolism
Kinases
Laboratories
Ligands
Lymphocytes
MAP kinase
Medical research
Pathogenesis
Peptides
Phosphorylation
Protein kinase
Proteins
Receptors, Interleukin-9 - metabolism
Researchers
Review
Signal Transduction
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - metabolism
Transcription factors
Tyrosine
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Summary:Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a pleiotropic cytokine and was primarily studied in the context of T helper 2 (T 2)-associated immuno-pathological conditions such as asthma and parasitic infections. There was a paradigm shift in the biology of IL-9 after the recent discovery of T 9 cells, a new subtype of T cells which secrete IL-9 in copious amounts. This has resulted in renewed interest in this cytokine, which was neglected since discovery because it was considered it to be just another T 2 cytokine. Recent studies have shown that it has multiple cellular sources and is critically involved in the immune-pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and in guarding immune tolerance. In this review, we will discuss its discovery, gene organization, cellular sources, and signaling pathways. Especially, we will give an update on the recent development regarding its relevance in the immune pathogenesis of human diseases.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms20092113