Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Essential Oils from the Peels of Citrus Cultivars

Citrus cultivars have remarkable health benefits, but only the anti-inflammatory activities of the major varieties have been studied. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of various citrus cultivars and their active anti-inflammatory components. The essential oils of 21 citrus peels...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceutics 2023-05, Vol.15 (6), p.1595
Main Authors: Yang, Jiyoon, Lee, Su-Yeon, Jang, Soo-Kyeong, Kim, Ki-Joong, Park, Mi-Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory drugs
bioactivity
Citrus
Citrus fruits
Cultivars
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
essential oil
Inflammation
natural compound
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Oils & fats
terpenes
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Citrus cultivars have remarkable health benefits, but only the anti-inflammatory activities of the major varieties have been studied. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of various citrus cultivars and their active anti-inflammatory components. The essential oils of 21 citrus peels were extracted via hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed. D-Limonene was the most abundant constituent. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the citrus cultivars, the gene expression levels of an inflammatory mediator and proinflammatory cytokines were investigated. Among the 21 essential oils, those extracted from and exhibited superior anti-inflammatory activities, being able to inhibit the expression of the inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The essential oils of and were distinguished into seven distinct constituents, α-pinene, myrcene, D-limonene, β-ocimene, linalool, linalool oxide, and α-terpineol, compared with other essential oils. The anti-inflammatory activities of the seven single compounds significantly inhibited the levels of inflammation-related factors. In particular, α-terpineol exhibited a superior anti-inflammatory effect. This study showed that the essential oils from and exhibit high anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, α-terpineol is an active anti-inflammatory compound that contributes to inflammatory responses.
ISSN:1999-4923
1999-4923
DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics15061595