Vaccine Immunogenicity versus Gastrointestinal Microbiome Status: Implications for Poultry Production

At the turn of the 21st century, the importance of maintaining a balanced microbiome was brought to the forefront of the microbiology, immunology, and physiology research fields. Exploring the complex interactions between vaccine administration, mucosal microbiome, oral tolerance, and enteric inflam...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2024-02, Vol.14 (3), p.1240
Main Authors: Beck, Chrysta N, Zhao, Jiangchao, Erf, Gisela F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Antibiotics
Antigens
B cells
Case studies
Cytokines
Dendritic cells
Fatty acids
health
Homeostasis
Immune response
Immune system
Immunology
Inflammation
Leukocytes
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
Meat
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Metronidazole
Microbiology
microbiome
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Neomycin
Pathogens
Peptides
Physiological aspects
Poultry
Poultry industry
Proteins
Vaccination
Vaccines
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Summary:At the turn of the 21st century, the importance of maintaining a balanced microbiome was brought to the forefront of the microbiology, immunology, and physiology research fields. Exploring the complex interactions between vaccine administration, mucosal microbiome, oral tolerance, and enteric inflammation in health and disease is challenging since environmental factors (such as diet and sanitation) have major influences on gut microbiota composition. High enteric pathogen load has been shown to contribute to dampened cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to vaccines in human case studies, either through elevated enteric inflammation or increased tolerance to environmental microbes. Although antibiotic and probiotic interventions have been evaluated in human health as well as research animal models, effective measures to mediate vaccine hyporesponsiveness are still ill-defined. Research in this field is becoming increasingly important for managing flock health in commercial poultry production, especially as antibiotic-free production is more prevalent and vaccination programs remain extensive during the first weeks of a bird’s life. By understanding the cellular interactions between commensal microbiota, vaccine antigens, and the host immune system (particularly in avian models), advancements in bacterial and viral vaccine immunogenicity could lead to improved flock health in meat-type and egg-type chickens in the future.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app14031240