The Role of Inorganic Phosphate Transporters in Highly Proliferative Cells: From Protozoan Parasites to Cancer Cells

In addition to their standard inorganic phosphate (Pi) nutritional function, Pi transporters have additional roles in several cells, including Pi sensing (the so-called transceptor) and a crucial role in Pi metabolism, where they control several phenotypes, such as virulence in pathogens and tumour...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Membranes (Basel) 2022-12, Vol.13 (1), p.42
Main Authors: Lacerda-Abreu, Marco Antonio, Dick, Claudia Fernanda, Meyer-Fernandes, José Roberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apicomplexa
Breast cancer
breast cancer cells
Cancer
Cell growth
Cell proliferation
cellular metabolism
Eukaryotes
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycolysis
Growth rate
Homeostasis
Intracellular
Leukemia
Metabolism
Nucleic acids
Organelles
Parasites
Phenotypes
Pi transporters
Proteins
Protozoa
Review
Sodium
trypanosomatids
Tumors
Virulence
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Summary:In addition to their standard inorganic phosphate (Pi) nutritional function, Pi transporters have additional roles in several cells, including Pi sensing (the so-called transceptor) and a crucial role in Pi metabolism, where they control several phenotypes, such as virulence in pathogens and tumour aggressiveness in cancer cells. Thus, intracellular Pi concentration should be tightly regulated by the fine control of intake and storage in organelles. Pi transporters are classified into two groups: the Pi transporter (PiT) family, also known as the Pi:Na symporter family; and the Pi:H symporter (PHS) family. Highly proliferative cells, such as protozoan parasites and cancer cells, rely on aerobic glycolysis to support the rapid generation of biomass, which is equated with the well-known Warburg effect in cancer cells. In protozoan parasite cells, Pi transporters are strongly associated with cell proliferation, possibly through their action as intracellular Pi suppliers for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Similarly, the growth rate hypothesis (GRH) proposes that the high Pi demands of tumours when achieving accelerated proliferation are mainly due to increased allocation to P-rich nucleic acids. The purpose of this review was to highlight recent advances in understanding the role of Pi transporters in unicellular eukaryotes and tumorigenic cells, correlating these roles with metabolism in these cells.
ISSN:2077-0375
2077-0375
DOI:10.3390/membranes13010042