Mechanisms Controlling MicroRNA Expression in Tumor

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely present in many organisms and regulate the expression of genes in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, metabolism, and development. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are abnormally expressed in tumor tissues and are closely associated with tu...

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Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-09, Vol.11 (18), p.2852
Main Authors: Chen, Shipeng, Wang, Ya, Li, Dongmei, Wang, Hui, Zhao, Xu, Yang, Jing, Chen, Longqing, Guo, Mengmeng, Zhao, Juanjuan, Chen, Chao, Zhou, Ya, Liang, Guiyou, Xu, Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
abnormal expression
Cancer
Cell differentiation
Clinical trials
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Gene therapy
Genetic aspects
Genetic regulation
Health aspects
Liver cancer
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Mutation
Nucleotide sequence
regulatory mechanism
Review
RNA modification
tumor
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Summary:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely present in many organisms and regulate the expression of genes in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, metabolism, and development. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are abnormally expressed in tumor tissues and are closely associated with tumorigenesis. MiRNA-based cancer gene therapy has consistently shown promising anti-tumor effects and is recognized as a new field in cancer treatment. So far, some clinical trials involving the treatment of malignancies have been carried out; however, studies of miRNA-based cancer gene therapy are still proceeding slowly. Therefore, furthering our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA can bring substantial benefits to the development of miRNA-based gene therapy or other combination therapies and the clinical outcome of patients with cancer. Recent studies have revealed that the aberrant expression of miRNA in tumors is associated with promoter sequence mutation, epigenetic alteration, aberrant RNA modification, etc., showing the complexity of aberrant expression mechanisms of miRNA in tumors. In this paper, we systematically summarized the regulation mechanisms of miRNA expression in tumors, with the aim of providing assistance in the subsequent elucidation of the role of miRNA in tumorigenesis and the development of new strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells11182852