High specific surface area N-doped activated carbon from hydrothermal carbonization of shaddock peel for the removal of norfloxacin from aqueous solution

A novel N-doped activated carbon (NAC) derived from shaddock peel was investigated to remove norfloxacin (NFX) from aqueous solution. The Box-Behnken central composite design (BBD) was used to optimize the preparation conditions of NAC. The specific surface area of NAC was 2,481.81 m g , which was o...

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Published in:Water science and technology 2022-05, Vol.85 (10), p.2964-2979
Main Authors: Niu, Xinyong, Liu, Chenglin, Li, Lin, Han, Xiuli, Chang, Chun, Li, Pan, Chen, Junying
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Adsorption
Antibiotics
Aqueous solutions
Bacterial infections
Charcoal - chemistry
Design optimization
Drug resistance
Electron microscopes
Electrostatic properties
Environmental impact
Experiments
Fourier transforms
Hydrogen bonding
Hydrophobicity
Lewis acid
n-doped activated carbon
Nitrogen
Norfloxacin
Raw materials
Removal
Residence time
response surface methodology
shaddock peel
Specific surface
Statistical analysis
Surface area
Surface chemistry
Variance analysis
Water
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
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Summary:A novel N-doped activated carbon (NAC) derived from shaddock peel was investigated to remove norfloxacin (NFX) from aqueous solution. The Box-Behnken central composite design (BBD) was used to optimize the preparation conditions of NAC. The specific surface area of NAC was 2,481.81 m g , which was obtained at 1,106 K activation temperature, 2.4 h residence time, and 2.3:1 mass ratio of KOH to hydrochar. Moreover, the equilibrium data were perfectly represented by Langmuir and Koble-Corrigan isotherms, and the adsorption process was precisely described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Besides, the adsorption of NFX on NAC was mainly controlled by π-π electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction, hydrophobic effect, hydrogen-bonding, electrostatic interaction and Lewis acid-base effect. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of NFX was 746.29 mg g at 298 K, implying that NAC was a promising adsorbent for the removal of NFX from aqueous solution.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2022.163