Untargeted Metabolomics of Rind Essential Oils Allowed to Differentiate Two Closely Related Clementine Varieties

Chemical characterization of clementine varieties (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) essential oils (EO) can lead to variety identification and valorization of their potential use in food and aroma industries. The goal of this study was the chemometric discrimination between two very closely related...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2021-08, Vol.10 (9), p.1789
Main Authors: González-Mas, María del Carmen, Rambla, José L., Gómez-Cadenas, Aurelio, Blázquez, María Amparo, López-Gresa, María Pilar, Granell, Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aldehydes
antioxidant activity
Antioxidants
Aroma
Carveol
Chemical composition
Citrus clementina
Citrus fruits
Clemenpons
Clemenules
Data analysis
Essential oils
flavedo
Food
Food industry
Food preservation
Gas chromatography
Hydrocarbons
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Metabolomics
Multivariate analysis
Oils & fats
Organic compounds
Principal components analysis
Ripening
Terpenes
VOCs
Volatile compounds
Volatile organic compounds
Volatiles
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Summary:Chemical characterization of clementine varieties (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) essential oils (EO) can lead to variety identification and valorization of their potential use in food and aroma industries. The goal of this study was the chemometric discrimination between two very closely related and morphologically identical clementine varieties, Clemenules (NL) and Clemenpons (PO), based on their rind EO, to identify the differential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to determine their antioxidant capacity. EO rind volatile profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in Citrus fruit at different ripening stages grown two independent years in two different locations. Untargeted metabolomics and multivariate data analysis showed an evolution of EO volatile profiles markedly parallel in both varieties. Although EO qualitative composition was identical in both varieties, PLS-DA allowed the identification of characteristic VOCs, quantitatively discriminating them along all the ripening process. PO showed higher accumulation of several mono- and sesquiterpene compounds such as trans-carveol, while NL showed higher levels of aldehyde and alcohol non-terpenoids like dodecanal. Both varieties evinced identical EO antioxidant activities, indicating a similar value for food preservation. Hence, untargeted metabolomics approach based on rind EO volatiles was revealed as a powerful technique able to differentiate between morphologically undistinguishable Citrus varieties.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants10091789