Precipitation during γ-ε Phase Transformation in Biomedical Co-Cr-Mo Alloys Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting

• Published in: Metals (Basel ) 2020-01, Vol.10 (1), p.71
• Main Authors: Ueki, Kosuke, Kasamatsu, Motoka, Ueda, Kyosuke, Koizumi, Yuichiro, Wei, Daixiu, Chiba, Akihiko, Narushima, Takayuki
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: additive manufacturing; Aging; Aging (metallurgy); Alloys; Carbon; Chemical composition; Chemical precipitation; Chromium; co-cr-mo alloy; Cobalt base alloys; Dissolution; Electron beam melting; Epsilon phase (crystals); Gamma phase; Grain size; heat treatment; Medical equipment; Microstructure; Molybdenum; Phase stability; Phase transitions; Precipitates; reverse transformation treatment; Scanning electron microscopy; Sigma phase
• ISSN: 2075-4701; 2075-4701
• DOI: 10.3390/met10010071

We studied the precipitates that were induced during γ-ε phase transformation in biomedical Co-28Cr-6Mo (mass%) alloys that were fabricated by electron beam melting with carbon contents of 0.184 and 0.018 mass%. In the high-C as-built alloy, M23X6-type, π-phase (M3T2X-type), and η-phase (M6X-M12X-type) precipitates were observed (M and T: metallic elements, X: C and/or N). σ-phase (Co(Cr,Mo)), π-phase, and Co3Mo2Si-type precipitates were observed in the low-C as-built alloy. This is the first report that shows the presence and chemical composition of this precipitate, as the Co3Mo2Si-type precipitate has not been detected in biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloys before. After aging in the ε-phase stability region, the high-C and low-C alloys both contained a single ε-phase matrix, and the amount of π-phase precipitates increased. Conversely, the amount of π-phase precipitates in both alloys decreased when a reverse transformation treatment was applied in the γ-phase stability region after aging. In the low-C alloy, the amount of Co3Mo2Si-type precipitates increased after reverse transformation treatment. These results indicate that the dissolution of π-phase precipitates and the formation of Co3Mo2Si-type precipitates during reverse transformation promote the formation of fine γ-phase grains at the precipitate/ε-phase matrix interface, because the formation and dissolution of these precipitates affect the γ-phase stability of the matrix.