Magnetic Dipole Effects on Radiative Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Shrinking Sheet

• Published in: Symmetry (Basel) 2023-07, Vol.15 (7), p.1318
• Main Authors: Waini, Iskandar, Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa, Zainal, Nurul Amira, Hamzah, Khairum Bin, Kasim, Abdul Rahman Mohd, Ishak, Anuar, Pop, Ioan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aluminum oxide; Book publishing; Boundary conditions; Boundary layer flow; Charged particles; Comparative analysis; Copper; dual solution; Flow distribution; Friction reduction; Heat conductivity; Heat transfer; Heat transfer coefficients; hybrid nanofluid; magnetic dipole; Magnetic dipoles; Magnetic fields; Nanofluids; Nanoparticles; radiation; shrinking sheet; Skin friction; Stability analysis; Suction; Symmetry; Viscosity
• ISSN: 2073-8994; 2073-8994
• DOI: 10.3390/sym15071318

The boundary layer flows exhibit symmetrical characteristics. In such cases, the flow patterns and variables are symmetrical with respect to a particular axis or plane. This symmetry simplifies the analysis and enables the use of symmetry-based boundary conditions or simplifications in mathematical models. Therefore, by using these concepts, the governing equations of the radiative flow of a hybrid nanofluid past a stretched and shrunken surface with the effect of a magnetic dipole are examined in this paper. Here, we consider copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) as hybrid nanoparticles and use water as a base fluid. The heat transfer rate is enhanced in the presence of hybrid nanoparticles. It is observed that the heat transfer rate is increased by 10.92% for the nanofluid, while it has a 15.13% increment for the hybrid nanofluid compared to the base fluid. Also, the results reveal that the non-uniqueness of the solutions exists for a certain suction and shrinking strength. Additionally, the ferrohydrodynamic interaction has the tendency to reduce the skin friction and the heat transfer coefficients for both solution branches. For the upper branch solutions, the heat transfer rate increased over a stretching sheet but decreased for the shrinking sheet in the presence of the radiation. It is confirmed by the temporal stability analysis that one of the solutions is stable and acceptable as time evolves.