Novel multifibrillar carbon and oxidation-stable carbon/ceramic hybrid fibers consisting of thousands of individual nanofibers with high tensile strength

In this study, multifibrillar carbon and carbon/ceramic (C/SiCON) fibers consisting of thousands of single nanofibers are continuously manufactured. The process starts with electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/oligosilazane precursors resulting in poorly aligned polymer fibers. Subsequ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2024-08, Vol.14 (1), p.18143-16, Article 18143
Main Authors: Denk, Jakob, Liao, Xiaojian, Knolle, Wolfgang, Kahnt, Axel, Greiner, Andreas, Schafföner, Stefan, Agarwal, Seema, Motz, Günter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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639/301
639/638
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Carbon
Carbon fiber
Ceramic fiber
Electron beam treatment
Electrospun multifibrillar fiber
Fibers
High strength
Humanities and Social Sciences
Mechanical properties
multidisciplinary
Oligosilazane
Polyacrylonitrile
Polymers
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Silicon carbide
Tensile strength
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Summary:In this study, multifibrillar carbon and carbon/ceramic (C/SiCON) fibers consisting of thousands of single nanofibers are continuously manufactured. The process starts with electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/oligosilazane precursors resulting in poorly aligned polymer fibers. Subsequent stretching leads to parallel aligned multifibrillar fibers, which are continuously stabilized and pyrolyzed to C or C/SiCON hybrid fibers. The multifibrillar carbon fibers show a high tensile strength of 911 MPa and Young’s modulus of 154 GPa, whereas the multifibrillar C/SiCON fibers initially have only tensile strengths of 407 MPa and Young’s modulus of 77 GPa, due to sticking of the nanofibers during the stabilization in air. Additional curing with electron beam radiation, results in a remarkable increase in tensile strength of 707 MPa and Young's modulus of 98 GPa. The good mechanical properties are highlighted by the low linear density of the multifibrillar C/SiCON fibers (~ 1 tex) compared to conventional C and SiC fiber bundles (~ 200 tex). In combination with the large surface area of the fibers better mechanical properties of respective composites with a reduced fiber content can be achieved. In addition, the developed approach offers high potential to produce advanced endless multifibrillar carbon and C/SiCON nanofibers in an industrial scale.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-68794-w