Role of astrocytes in rhythmic motor activity

Rhythmic motor activities such as breathing, locomotion, tremor, or mastication are organized by groups of interconnected neurons. Most synapses in the central nervous system are in close apposition with processes belonging to astrocytes. Neurotransmitters released from neurons bind to receptors exp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiological reports 2021-09, Vol.9 (18), p.e15029-n/a
Main Authors: Montalant, Alexia, Carlsen, Eva M. M., Perrier, Jean‐François
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidification
Animals
Apposition
Astrocytes
Astrocytes - metabolism
Astrocytes - physiology
Behavior
Blood vessels
Calcium
Carbon dioxide
Central nervous system
Efferent Pathways - cytology
Efferent Pathways - physiology
Humans
Hypoxia
Information processing
Invited Review
Invited Reviews
Locomotion
Mastication
Motor Activity
Motor task performance
Nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Physiology
Respiration
Rhythm
Rhythms
Signal transduction
Smooth muscle
Spinal cord
Synapses
Synaptic transmission
Tremor
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Summary:Rhythmic motor activities such as breathing, locomotion, tremor, or mastication are organized by groups of interconnected neurons. Most synapses in the central nervous system are in close apposition with processes belonging to astrocytes. Neurotransmitters released from neurons bind to receptors expressed by astrocytes, activating a signaling pathway that leads to an increase in calcium concentration and the release of gliotransmitters that eventually modulate synaptic transmission. It is therefore likely that the activation of astrocytes impacts motor control. Here we review recent studies demonstrating that astrocytes inhibit, modulate, or trigger motor rhythmic behaviors. Astrocytes modulate synaptic transmission in neuronal networks that control rhythmic motor behavior. Astrocytes modulate respiration, locomotion, motor tremor, mastication and trigger switch in behaviors.
ISSN:2051-817X
DOI:10.14814/phy2.15029