The Local Neuropeptide System of Keratinocytes

Neuropeptides have been known for over 50 years as chemical signals in the brain. However, it is now well established that the synthesis of this class of peptides is not restricted to neurons. For example, human skin not only expresses several functional receptors for neuropeptides but, also, can se...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2021-12, Vol.9 (12), p.1854
Main Author: Cirillo, Nicola
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biosynthesis
Brain research
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Cytology
Fibroblasts
Growth hormones
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis
Hypothalamus
Keratinocytes
Mucosa
neuroendocrine system
Neuropeptides
Peptides
Physiology
Pituitary
Pituitary (posterior)
Pituitary gland
Regulation
Review
Thyroid gland
Wound healing
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Summary:Neuropeptides have been known for over 50 years as chemical signals in the brain. However, it is now well established that the synthesis of this class of peptides is not restricted to neurons. For example, human skin not only expresses several functional receptors for neuropeptides but, also, can serve as a local source of neuroactive molecules such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, melanocortins, and β-endorphin. In contrast, an equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the oral mucosa has not been well characterized to date. In view of the differences in the morphology and function of oral mucosal and skin cells, in this review I surveyed the existing evidence for a local synthesis of hypothalamic-pituitary, opiate, neurohypophyseal, and neuroendocrine neuropeptides in both epidermal and oral keratinocytes.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines9121854