A novel technique for leaf disease classification using Legion Kernels with parallel support vector machine (LK-PSVM) and fuzzy C means image segmentation

• Published in: Heliyon 2024-06, Vol.10 (12), p.e32707, Article e32707
• Main Authors: Rajagopal, Manikandan, Kayikci, Safak, Abbas, Mohamed, Sivasakthivel, Ramkumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: apples; automation; disease detection; foliar diseases; image analysis; Image segmentation; Leaf disease; leaves; Machine learning; Particle swarm optimization and edge feature detection; support vector machines
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32707

Detection of plant disease and classificationare being investigated in many parts of the worldto save precious medical plants from becoming extinct.Major problem in this task, include the lack of advanced and technology driven solution. Manual identification is often time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an automated and efficient method that can accurately identify and classify plant diseases. This article focuses on detecting the disease through classificationthrough a new technique using leaf images for automatic classification. This paper proposes a novel segmentation technique using Fuzzy C means and Particle Swarm Optimization for effective segmentation of leaf images and feature extraction that can help in classification of disease.The approach emphasizes on the integration of techniques such as image processing, segmentation and feature extraction and finally the classification, which offers a comprehensive solution for the disease detection. The work leverages on the advantages of Legion Kernels and Parallal support vector Machine (LK-PSVM) clubbed with fuzzy C means Image segmentation to offer a framework that can handle diverse leaf images and which can effectively differentiate the type of the disease.The proposed method LK-PSVM combined with Fuzzy C means presents a novel approach that is significantly deviated from the conventional methods of leaf disease classification.The proposed wok brings an integrated framework which can synergistically combine the Legion Kernels with the PSVM technique coupled with Fuzzy C Means Image segmentation which can handle the issue of overlapped data sets and support vector machines are used to handle the situation where the number of dimensions are more than the number of samples, which is more probable in the classification problem under consideration.By integrating these components, the proposed method achieves more accuracy and robustness when compared to the existing methods in the literature. The segmentation is carried out using PSO after pre-processing of images. The Gaussian functions are used to eliminate the background subtraction. Different features of the images are then computed. A total of 55,400 images were used for the experiment consisting of various plants’ leaves spreading across 38 labels. A classifier is then proposed using Machine learning methods for the detection of disease in apple fruit leaves. The experiments prove that the proposed method