Determination of the Mineral Composition and Toxic Element Contents of Propolis by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with remote reflectance fiber-optic probes for determining the mineral composition of propolis was evaluated. This technology allows direct measurements without prior sample treatment. Ninety one samples of propolis were collected in Chile (Bio-Bio r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2015-11, Vol.15 (11), p.27854-27868
Main Authors: González-Martín, M Inmaculada, Escuredo, Olga, Revilla, Isabel, Vivar-Quintana, Ana M, Coello, M Carmen, Riocerezo, Carlos Palacios, Moncada, Guillermo Wells
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum
Arsenic
Cadmium
Calcium
Calcium aluminate
Copper
cross-validation
determination
Electronic mail systems
Equipment Design
Fourier transforms
Industrial plant emissions
Iron
Lead
Least-Squares Analysis
Magnesium
Metals - analysis
mineral composition
Minerals - analysis
near-infrared spectroscopy
Phosphorus
Potassium
Propolis
Propolis - analysis
Propolis - chemistry
Propolis - classification
Scientific imaging
Sensors
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods
Toxic
Trace elements
Zinc
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Summary:The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with remote reflectance fiber-optic probes for determining the mineral composition of propolis was evaluated. This technology allows direct measurements without prior sample treatment. Ninety one samples of propolis were collected in Chile (Bio-Bio region) and Spain (Castilla-León and Galicia regions). The minerals measured were aluminum, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and some potentially toxic trace elements such as zinc, chromium, nickel, copper and lead. The modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression method was used to develop the NIR calibration model. The determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) obtained for aluminum (0.79, 53), calcium (0.83, 94), iron (0.69, 134) potassium (0.95, 117), magnesium (0.70, 99), phosphorus (0.94, 24) zinc (0.87, 10) chromium (0.48, 0.6) nickel (0.52, 0.7) copper (0.64, 0.9) and lead (0.70, 2) in ppm. The results demonstrated that the capacity for prediction can be considered good for wide ranges of potassium, phosphorus and zinc concentrations, and acceptable for aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron and lead. This indicated that the NIR method is comparable to chemical methods. The method is of interest in the rapid prediction of potentially toxic elements in propolis before consumption.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s151127854