Challenges and solutions in low‐inertia power systems with high wind penetration

• Published in: IET generation, transmission & distribution transmission & distribution, 2024-12, Vol.18 (24), p.4221-4244
• Main Authors: Elenga Baningobera, Bwandakassy, Oleinikova, Irina, Ulhen, Kjetil, Pokhrel, Basanta Raj
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: power system control; power system dynamic stability; power system stability; power transmission planning; renewables and storage; wind power plants; wind turbines
• ISSN: 1751-8687; 1751-8695
• DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.13270

The global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, marked by an unprecedented integration of renewable sources. This paradigm shift brings forth the challenge of low inertia in power systems, posing significant uncertainties to grid stability and reliability. This paper addresses these challenges and proposes innovative solutions to ensure the resilience of future transmission networks. The paper leverages advanced modeling techniques, including dynamic simulation models and control methods, to analyse real‐world case studies, mainly focusing on wind power plants operating as hybrid plants with integrated energy storage systems and participating in reserves markets to provide frequency response. The analysis includes adapting the Nordic equivalent power system model, allowing a deeper understanding of the dynamics of low‐inertia environments and the impact of renewable energy integration. The aim is to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions within low‐inertia power systems and highlight the importance of adapting power systems to ensure resilience in evolving energy scenarios. Compared to existing strategies, the proposed method enhances the grid's ability to maintain frequency stability, even with significant renewable energy penetration. The paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on building sustainable and reliable future transmission networks through empirical analysis and theoretical modeling. It emphasizes technical strategies, operational advancements, and policy considerations essential for navigating the challenges posed by the transition to renewable energy sources. This paper addresses the low‐inertia challenges and proposes innovative solutions to ensure the resilience of future transmission networks. The paper leverages advanced modeling techniques, including dynamic simulation models and control methods to analyze real‐world case studies, mainly focusing on wind power plants operating as hybrid plants with integrated energy storage systems and participating in reserves markets to provide frequency response.