HIPK2 in Colon Cancer: A Potential Biomarker for Tumor Progression and Response to Therapies

Colon cancer, one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide, is characterized by stepwise accumulation of specific genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, leading to tumor growth and metastasis. HIPK2 (homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2) is a serine/threonine protein k...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-07, Vol.25 (14), p.7678
Main Authors: Verdina, Alessandra, Garufi, Alessia, D'Orazi, Valerio, D'Orazi, Gabriella
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Cancer therapies
Cell cycle
Chemotherapy
Colon cancer
Colorectal cancer
Development and progression
Diabetes
Disease
DNA damage
Family medical history
Fibroblasts
Genomes
Growth factors
Health aspects
HIPK2
Hyperglycemia
Hypoxia
Inflammation
Kinases
Metastasis
Mortality
Mutation
p53
Protein kinases
Proteins
Tumor proteins
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Summary:Colon cancer, one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide, is characterized by stepwise accumulation of specific genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, leading to tumor growth and metastasis. HIPK2 (homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a "bona fide" oncosuppressor protein. Its activation inhibits tumor growth mainly by promoting apoptosis, while its inactivation increases tumorigenicity and resistance to therapies of many different cancer types, including colon cancer. HIPK2 interacts with many molecular pathways by means of its kinase activity or transcriptional co-repressor function modulating cell growth and apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation and hypoxia. HIPK2 has been shown to participate in several molecular pathways involved in colon cancer including p53, Wnt/β-catenin and the newly identified nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2) p45-related factor 2 (NRF2). HIPK2 also plays a role in tumor-host interaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inducing angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) differentiation. The aim of this review is to assess the role of HIPK2 in colon cancer and the underlying molecular pathways for a better understanding of its involvement in colon cancer carcinogenesis and response to therapies, which will likely pave the way for novel colon cancer therapies.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25147678