One-Carbon Metabolism: Pulling the Strings behind Aging and Neurodegeneration

One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a network of biochemical reactions delivering one-carbon units to various biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and methionine cycle are the two key modules of this network that regulate purine and thymidine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and epigenetic mechanism...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-01, Vol.11 (2), p.214
Main Authors: Lionaki, Eirini, Ploumi, Christina, Tavernarakis, Nektarios
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Adenosine
Aging
Aging - metabolism
Alzheimer’s disease
Amino acids
Animals
Carbon
Carbon - metabolism
Dehydrogenases
diet
Dietary intake
DNA methylation
Energy balance
Enzymes
Epigenetics
folate
Folic acid
Glutathione
Homeostasis
Homocysteine
Humans
Longevity
Mammals
Metabolic networks
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Metabolism
Methionine
Micronutrients
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Nerve Degeneration - metabolism
Neurodegeneration
Oxidation
Redox properties
Review
Thymidine
Vitamin B
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Summary:One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a network of biochemical reactions delivering one-carbon units to various biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and methionine cycle are the two key modules of this network that regulate purine and thymidine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and epigenetic mechanisms. Intersection with the transsulfuration pathway supports glutathione production and regulation of the cellular redox state. Dietary intake of micronutrients, such as folates and amino acids, directly contributes to OCM, thereby adapting the cellular metabolic state to environmental inputs. The contribution of OCM to cellular proliferation during development and in adult proliferative tissues is well established. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence reveals the pivotal role of OCM in cellular homeostasis of non-proliferative tissues and in coordination of signaling cascades that regulate energy homeostasis and longevity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on OCM and related pathways and discuss how this metabolic network may impact longevity and neurodegeneration across species.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells11020214