The Human Virome: Viral Metagenomics, Relations with Human Diseases, and Therapeutic Applications

The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2022-01, Vol.14 (2), p.278
Main Authors: Bai, Geng-Hao, Lin, Sheng-Chieh, Hsu, Yi-Hsiang, Chen, Shih-Yen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Animals
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - therapy
disease
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics
Humans
Metagenome
Metagenomics
Metagenomics - methods
Mice
Obesity - complications
Pandemics
Review
Reviews
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
Therapeutic applications
virome
Virome - genetics
Virus Diseases - drug therapy
Virus Diseases - therapy
Viruses
Viruses - classification
Viruses - genetics
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Summary:The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used to explore known components of the virome and discover new viruses from various types of samples. The virome has attracted substantial interest since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Increasing numbers of studies and review articles have documented the diverse virome in various sites in the human body, as well as interactions between the human host and the virome with regard to health and disease. However, there have been few studies of direct causal relationships. Viral metagenomic analyses often lack standard references and are potentially subject to bias. Moreover, most virome-related review articles have focused on the gut virome and did not investigate the roles of the virome in other sites of the body in human disease. This review presents an overview of viral metagenomics, with updates regarding the relations between alterations in the human virome and the pathogenesis of human diseases, recent findings related to COVID-19, and therapeutic applications related to the human virome.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14020278