Skin Pigmentation Types, Causes and Treatment-A Review

Human skin pigmentation and melanin synthesis are incredibly variable, and are impacted by genetics, UV exposure, and some drugs. Patients' physical appearance, psychological health, and social functioning are all impacted by a sizable number of skin conditions that cause pigmentary abnormaliti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-06, Vol.28 (12), p.4839
Main Authors: Thawabteh, Amin Mahmood, Jibreen, Alaa, Karaman, Donia, Thawabteh, Alà, Karaman, Rafik
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Acne
Albinism
Antiacne agents
Body temperature
Cancer therapies
Drug interaction
Eczema
Enzymes
Free radicals
Free radicals (Chemistry)
Genes
Genetics
Health services
Herbal medicine
Hormone replacement therapy
Hyperpigmentation
hypopigmentation
Medicine, Botanic
Medicine, Herbal
Melanin
Melanoma
Overflow
Pigmentation
Review
Skin
Skin cancer
Skin diseases
skin pigmentation
Skin tests
Sunburn & sun tanning
Tranexamic acid
Tyrosinase
tyrosinase inhibitors
Ultraviolet radiation
Vitiligo
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Summary:Human skin pigmentation and melanin synthesis are incredibly variable, and are impacted by genetics, UV exposure, and some drugs. Patients' physical appearance, psychological health, and social functioning are all impacted by a sizable number of skin conditions that cause pigmentary abnormalities. Hyperpigmentation, where pigment appears to overflow, and hypopigmentation, where pigment is reduced, are the two major classifications of skin pigmentation. Albinism, melasma, vitiligo, Addison's disease, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can be brought on by eczema, acne vulgaris, and drug interactions, are the most common skin pigmentation disorders in clinical practice. Anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants, and medications that inhibit tyrosinase, which prevents the production of melanin, are all possible treatments for pigmentation problems. Skin pigmentation can be treated orally and topically with medications, herbal remedies, and cosmetic products, but a doctor should always be consulted before beginning any new medicine or treatment plan. This review article explores the numerous types of pigmentation problems, their causes, and treatments, as well as the 25 plants, 4 marine species, and 17 topical and oral medications now on the market that have been clinically tested to treat skin diseases.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules28124839