Nano Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

A hindrance to the practical use of sodium-ion batteries is the lack of adequate anode materials. By utilizing the co-intercalation reaction, graphite, which is the most common anode material of lithium-ion batteries, was used for storing sodium ion. However, its performance, such as reversible capa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-05, Vol.9 (5), p.793
Main Authors: Kim, Dae-Yeong, Kim, Dong-Hyun, Kim, Soo-Hyun, Lee, Eun-Kyung, Park, Sang-Kyun, Lee, Ji-Woong, Yun, Yong-Sup, Choi, Si-Young, Kang, Jun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anodes
Black carbon
Carbon
Carbon black
co-intercalation reaction
Electrode materials
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Energy
Engineering
Graphene
Graphite
Intercalation
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
Morphology
nano hard carbon
Porosity
Rechargeable batteries
Sodium
Sodium-ion batteries
sodium-ion battery
solid-electrolyte interphase
Storage capacity
turbostratic structure
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Summary:A hindrance to the practical use of sodium-ion batteries is the lack of adequate anode materials. By utilizing the co-intercalation reaction, graphite, which is the most common anode material of lithium-ion batteries, was used for storing sodium ion. However, its performance, such as reversible capacity and coulombic efficiency, remains unsatisfactory for practical needs. Therefore, to overcome these drawbacks, a new carbon material was synthesized so that co-intercalation could occur efficiently. This carbon material has the same morphology as carbon black; that is, it has a wide pathway due to a turbostratic structure, and a short pathway due to small primary particles that allows the co-intercalation reaction to occur efficiently. Additionally, due to the numerous voids present in the inner amorphous structure, the sodium storage capacity was greatly increased. Furthermore, owing to the coarse co-intercalation reaction due to the surface pore structure, the formation of solid-electrolyte interphase was greatly suppressed and the first cycle coulombic efficiency reached 80%. This study shows that the carbon material alone can be used to design good electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries without the use of next-generation materials.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano9050793