Putative Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Disease Fail to Correlate in a Cross-Sectional Study in Two Study Sites in Sub-Saharan Africa

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an elusive, inflammatory syndrome of the small intestine thought to be associated with enterocyte loss and gut leakiness and lead to stunted child growth. To date, the gold standard for diagnosis is small intestine biopsy followed by histology. Several puta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2022-08, Vol.14 (16), p.3312
Main Authors: Vonaesch, Pascale, Winkel, Munir, Kapel, Nathalie, Nestoret, Alison, Barbot-Trystram, Laurence, Pontoizeau, Clément, Barouki, Robert, Rakotondrainipiana, Maheninasy, Kandou, Kaleb, Andriamanantena, Zo, Andrianonimiadana, Lova, Habib, Azimdine, Rodriguez-Pozo, Andre, Hasan, Milena, Vigan-Womas, Inès, Collard, Jean-Marc, Gody, Jean-Chrysostome, Djorie, Serge, Sansonetti, Philippe J, Randremanana, Rindra Vatosoa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alpha-1-antitrypsin
Anemia
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Biological markers
biomarker
Biomarkers
Biopsy
Blood
Branched chain amino acids
C-reactive protein
Cellular Biology
Chain branching
Children
Citrulline
Cross-sectional studies
Cytokines
Digestive system
environmental enteric dysfunction
Exudation
Feces
Ferritin
Growth factors
Hemoglobin
Histology
Immunoglobulins
Immunology
Inflammation
Insulin
Intestine
Lactulose
Life Sciences
Mannitol
Metadata
Microbiology and Parasitology
Molecular biology
Nutritional status
Pathogens
Permeability
Plasma
Proteins
Santé publique et épidémiologie
Small intestine
stunted child growth
Sub-Saharan Africa
Urine
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Summary:Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an elusive, inflammatory syndrome of the small intestine thought to be associated with enterocyte loss and gut leakiness and lead to stunted child growth. To date, the gold standard for diagnosis is small intestine biopsy followed by histology. Several putative biomarkers for EED have been proposed and are widely used in the field. Here, we assessed in a cross-sectional study of children aged 2–5 years for a large set of biomarkers including markers of protein exudation (duodenal and fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT)), inflammation (duodenal and fecal calprotectin, duodenal, fecal and blood immunoglobulins, blood cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP)), gut permeability (endocab, lactulose-mannitol ratio), enterocyte mass (citrulline) and general nutritional status (branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), insulin-like growth factor) in a group of 804 children in two Sub-Saharan countries. We correlated these markers with each other and with anemia in stunted and non-stunted children. AAT and calprotectin, CRP and citrulline and citrulline and BCAA correlated with each other. Furthermore, BCAA, citrulline, ferritin, fecal calprotectin and CRP levels were correlated with hemoglobin levels. Our results show that while several of the biomarkers are associated with anemia, there is little correlation between the different biomarkers. Better biomarkers and a better definition of EED are thus urgently needed.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14163312