Validation of a Method Scope Extension for the Analysis of POPs in Soil and Verification in Organic and Conventional Farms of the Canary Islands

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are among the most relevant and dangerous contaminants in soil, from where they can be transferred to crops. Additionally, livestock animals may inadvertently consume relatively high amounts of soil attached to the roots of the vegetables while grazing, leading t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxics (Basel) 2021-05, Vol.9 (5), p.101
Main Authors: Acosta-Dacal, Andrea, Rial-Berriel, Cristian, Díaz-Díaz, Ricardo, Bernal-Suárez, María, Zumbado, Manuel, Henríquez-Hernández, Luis, Alonso-González, Pablo, Parga-Dans, Eva, Luzardo, Octavio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Contaminants
Environmental monitoring
Farming
Farms
Food contamination & poisoning
Fruits
gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Islands
Laboratories
Livestock
Mass spectrometry
Naphthalene
Organic soils
Organochlorine pesticides
PAHs
PBDEs
PCB
PCBs
Persistent organic pollutants
Pesticides
Pollutants
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
QuEChERS
Scientific imaging
Soil analysis
Soil contamination
Soil pollution
Soils
Vegetables
Vineyards
Wineries & vineyards
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are among the most relevant and dangerous contaminants in soil, from where they can be transferred to crops. Additionally, livestock animals may inadvertently consume relatively high amounts of soil attached to the roots of the vegetables while grazing, leading to indirect exposure to humans. Therefore, periodic monitoring of soils is crucial; thus, simple, robust, and powerful methods are needed. In this study, we have tested and validated an easy QuEChERS-based method for the extraction of 49 POPs (8 PBDEs, 12 OCPs, 11 PAHs, and 18 PCBs) in soils and their analysis by GC-MS/MS. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, and accuracy, and a matrix effect study was performed. The limits of detection (LOD) were established between 0.048 and 3.125 ng g−1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were between 0.5 and 20 ng g−1, except for naphthalene (50 ng g−1). Then, to verify the applicability of the validated method, we applied it to a series of 81 soil samples from farms dedicated to mixed vegetable cultivation and vineyards in the Canary Islands, both from two modes of production (organic vs. conventional) where residues of OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs were found.
ISSN:2305-6304
2305-6304
DOI:10.3390/toxics9050101