Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a transient reversible subtotal or complete occlusion induced by coronary hypercontraction and the critical cause of myocardial ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries. During the past decades, our knowledge of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanism...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Reviews in cardiovascular medicine 2022-05, Vol.23 (5), p.175
Main Authors: Lin, Zijie, Lin, Xinyi, Zhao, Xin, Xu, Chenchao, Yu, Bokang, Shen, Yiwen, Li, Liliang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adventitial inflammation
coronary artery spasm
diagnostic approaches
endothelial dysfunction
Review
risk factors
vascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivity
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Summary:Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a transient reversible subtotal or complete occlusion induced by coronary hypercontraction and the critical cause of myocardial ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries. During the past decades, our knowledge of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of CAS have been increasingly progressed, and various diagnostic approaches, including imaging technologies and novel biomarkers, have been proposed to serve well to diagnose CAS clinically. This review aims to summarize these research progresses on the risk factors of CAS and introduce current knowledge about the mechanisms accounting for CAS, including endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivity, and adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue inflammation. We also gathered the recently evolved diagnostic approaches and analyzed their advantages/disadvantages, in purpose of enhancing the diagnostic yield on the basis of ensuring accuracy.
ISSN:1530-6550
2153-8174
1530-6550
DOI:10.31083/j.rcm2305175