Neural Circuitry of Salience and Reward Processing in Psychosis

The processing of salient and rewarding stimuli is integral to engaging our attention, stimulating anticipation for future events, and driving goal-directed behaviors. Widespread impairments in these processes are observed in psychosis, which may be associated with worse functional outcomes or mecha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biological psychiatry global open science 2023-01, Vol.3 (1), p.33-46
Main Authors: Kesby, James P., Murray, Graham K., Knolle, Franziska
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Dopamine
Nucleus accumbens
Prediction error
Psychosis
Punishment
Review
Reward
Salience
Schizophrenia
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Summary:The processing of salient and rewarding stimuli is integral to engaging our attention, stimulating anticipation for future events, and driving goal-directed behaviors. Widespread impairments in these processes are observed in psychosis, which may be associated with worse functional outcomes or mechanistically linked to the development of symptoms. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of behavioral and functional neuroimaging in salience, prediction error, and reward. Although each is a specific process, they are situated in multiple feedback and feedforward systems integral to decision making and cognition more generally. We argue that the origin of salience and reward processing dysfunctions may be centered in the subcortex during the earliest stages of psychosis, with cortical abnormalities being initially more spared but becoming more prominent in established psychotic illness/schizophrenia. The neural circuits underpinning salience and reward processing may provide targets for delaying or preventing progressive behavioral and neurobiological decline.
ISSN:2667-1743
2667-1743
DOI:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.003