Spatial and Temporal Variation of GPP and Its Response to Urban Environmental Changes in Beijing

• Published in: ISPRS international journal of geo-information 2024-11, Vol.13 (11), p.396
• Main Authors: Chen, Le, Yu, Simin, Shen, Shi, Wan, You, Song, Changqing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerosols; Air pollution; Analysis; Beijing; Carbon cycle; Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Carbon sequestration; Carbon sinks; Data analysis; Datasets; Distribution patterns; Environmental changes; Environmental conditions; Environmental factors; Environmental impact; Environmental management; gross primary productivity; Growth rate; Human influences; Human performance; Impact analysis; Land surface temperature; Land use; Management methods; Nitrogen dioxide; Outdoor air quality; Particulate matter; Pattern analysis; Pollutants; Precipitation; Primary production; Productivity; Regression; Remote sensing; Spatial distribution; Spatiotemporal data; Suburban areas; Surface temperature; Temporal variations; Terrestrial ecosystems; Urban areas; Urbanization; Vegetation; vegetation carbon sequestration
• ISSN: 2220-9964; 2220-9964
• DOI: 10.3390/ijgi13110396

The carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation is the key to the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. It is significant to analyze the spatiotemporal variation and influencing factors of vegetation carbon sequestration ability to improve territorial carbon sink and optimize its spatial pattern. However, there is a lack of understanding of the impact of environmental conditions and human activity on the vegetation’s carbon sequestration ability, especially in highly urbanized areas. For example, effective vegetation management methods can enhance vegetation Gross Primary Productivity, while emissions of air pollutants like O3, CO, NO2, and PM2.5 can suppress it. This paper mainly explores the factors influencing vegetation carbon sequestration capacity across different regions of Beijing. Based on remote sensing data and site observation data, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal variation trend of Annual Gross Primary Production (AGPP) and the influence of environmental factors and human activity factors on GPP in Beijing from 2000 to 2020 by using the Theil−Sen’s slope estimator, Mann−Kendall trend test, and comparing Geographically Weighted Regression method (GWR) and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression method (GTWR). GWR is a localized multiple regression technique used to estimate variable relationships that vary spatially. GTWR extends GWR by adding temporal analysis, enabling a comprehensive examination of spatiotemporal data variations. Besides, we used land use cover data to discuss the influence of land use cover change on AGPP. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of GPP in Beijing was higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast, and it showed an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 14.39 g C·m−2·a−1. From 2000 to 2020, excluding the core urban areas, the GPP of 95.8% of Beijing increased, and 10.6% of Beijing showed a trend of significant increase, concentrated in Mentougou, Changping, and Miyun. GPP decreased in 4.1% of the regions in Beijing and decreased significantly in 1.4% of the areas within the sixth ring. The areas where AGPP significantly decreased were concentrated in those where land use types were converted to Residential land (impervious land), while AGPP showed an upward trend in other areas. CO and NO2 are the main driving forces of GPP change in Beijing. O3 and land surface temperature (LST) also exert certain influences, while the impact of