Nanohybrid of Thymol and 2D Simonkolleite Enhances Inhibition of Bacterial Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Free Radicals

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-09, Vol.27 (19), p.6161
• Main Authors: Velázquez-Carriles, Carlos, Macías-Rodríguez, María Esther, Ramírez-Alvarado, Omar, Corona-González, Rosa Isela, Macías-Lamas, Adriana, García-Vera, Ismael, Cavazos-Garduño, Adriana, Villagrán, Zuamí, Silva-Jara, Jorge Manuel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorption; antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial resistance; antioxidant capacity; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Bacterial growth; biofilm-formation inhibition; Biofilms; Biomedical materials; Biomolecules; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Equilibrium; Evaluation; Free radicals; Free radicals (Chemistry); Galvanized steel; Gram-positive bacteria; Growth; Hydrogels; Hydroxides; layered hydroxide salt; Light scattering; Microbial mats; Monoterpenoids; Nanotechnology; Opportunist infection; Pathogens; Peptides; Pharmaceuticals; Phenols; Photon correlation spectroscopy; Physiological aspects; Polyphenols; Prevention; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; terpenes; Thymol; Zinc compounds
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196161

Due to the current concerns against opportunistic pathogens and the challenge of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, alternatives to control pathogen growth are required. In this sense, this work offers a new nanohybrid composed of zinc-layered hydroxide salt (Simonkolleite) and thymol for preventing bacterial growth. Materials were characterized with XRD diffraction, FTIR and UV–Vis spectra, SEM microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It was confirmed that the Simonkolleite structure was obtained, and thymol was adsorbed on the hydroxide in a web-like manner, with a concentration of 0.863 mg thymol/mg of ZnLHS. Absorption kinetics was described with non-linear models, and a pseudo-second-order equation was the best fit. The antibacterial test was conducted against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus strains, producing inhibition halos of 21 and 24 mm, respectively, with a 10 mg/mL solution of thymol–ZnLHS. Moreover, biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition was tested, with over 90% inhibition. Nanohybrids exhibited antioxidant activity with ABTS and DPPH evaluations, confirming the presence of the biomolecule in the inorganic matrix. These results can be used to develop a thymol protection vehicle for applications in food, pharmaceutics, odontology, or biomedical industries.