Assessment of Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

• Published in: Vascular health and risk management 2021-01, Vol.17, p.349-356
• Main Authors: Ahmed, Heba Mostafa, Ameen, Emad El-Deen, Awad, Mohammad Shafiq, Botrous, Osama Ezzat
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age groups; Analysis; Atherosclerosis; Biopsy; Blood pressure; Canada; Cardiovascular disease; Carotid arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Carotid Artery Diseases - etiology; Carotid Artery Diseases - prevention & control; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; children; Cholesterol; Congenital diseases; Creatinine; Development and progression; dyslipidemia; Echocardiography; Edema; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - diagnostic imaging; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - etiology; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular - prevention & control; Kidney diseases; Laboratories; left ventricular hypertrophy; Lipids; Male; Metabolic disorders; Mortality; Multivariate analysis; Nephrotic syndrome; Nephrotic Syndrome - complications; Nephrotic Syndrome - diagnosis; Nephrotic Syndrome - therapy; Original Research; Outpatient care facilities; Patients; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Proteins; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Ultrasonic imaging; Veins & arteries
• ISSN: 1178-2048; 1176-6344; 1178-2048
• DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S295868

Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are at a greater risk of atherosclerosis due to recurrent exposures to hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and immunosuppressive medications. CIMT (carotid intima media thickness) is a reliable marker for assessment of atherosclerosis of large and medium-sized blood vessels; endothelial dysfunction and increased CIMT usually precede the development of cardiovascular diseases. Some manifestations of NS, like proteinuria and hyperlipidemia, are associated with an increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the carotid intima media thickness and LVM (left ventricular mass) thickness in children with nephrotic syndrome. Eighty-one children with nephrotic syndrome and 100 healthy children as controls were enrolled in the study. The inclusion criteria were: disease duration of minimum of 12 months, glomerular filtration rate >60mL/min/1.73m and children aged two years or more at the time of study. CIMT and left ventricular mass index, lipid profile, protein/creatinine ratio in urine and kidney function tests were done for cases and controls after approval of internal ethical committee. The mean CIMT (mm) was significantly higher in NS (0.51± 0.12) compared to controls (0.42± 0.09) (P