Photogrammetric digitisation of a bronze head – Surveying inside and outside for thickness measurement

• Published in: International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences. remote sensing and spatial information sciences., 2024-12, Vol.XLVIII-2/W8-2024, p.357-364
• Main Authors: Perfetti, Luca, Vassena, Giorgio P. M., Morandini, Francesca, Fassi, Francesco
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Bronzes; Cameras; Datasets; Digitization; Low cost; Museums; Photogrammetry; Thickness measurement; Webs (structural); Workflow
• ISSN: 2194-9034; 1682-1750; 2194-9034
• DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-357-2024

This paper presents an effective and low-cost approach for the digitisation of a Roman bronze head exhibited at the Santa Giulia Museum in Brescia using close-range photogrammetry. The artefact posed significant challenges due to its dark, reflective exterior surface and its hollow interior, accessible only through an 8 cm neck opening. The digitisation had two main objectives: (1) to support restoration activities by accurately measuring the thickness of the bronze cast, and (2) to enhance the artefact's dissemination by producing a web-optimised digital replica.Special emphasis was placed on the survey of the internal surface, achieved using a custom-designed camera probe equipped with a 5 megapixels RGB global shutter camera and LED ring lights. With this setup it was possible to effectively captured the inner geometry using low-cost tools. The internal dataset was connected with the exterior dataset, acquired by a regular DSLR and turntable setup supported by cross-polarization.The processing workflow involved generating a high-resolution mesh model (~80M faces) and computing the cast's thickness using two methods: the M3C2 algorithm and the Shrinking Sphere algorithm, which provided consistent results. Additionally, an optimised low-poly version of the model was created for web sharing. This study highlights the potential of low-cost tailored photogrammetric solutions/workflows to address the complexities of digitising intricate museum artefacts.