Effects of omega-3 supplementation on components of the endocannabinoid system and metabolic and inflammatory responses in adipose and liver of peripartum dairy cows

Background Dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) by decreasing the availability of arachidonic acid, thus lowering endocannabinoids (eCBs) levels. The ECS is a modulator of energy metabolism, stress response and inflammation in m...

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Published in:Journal of animal science and biotechnology 2022-10, Vol.13 (1), p.1-114, Article 114
Main Authors: Kra, Gitit, Daddam, Jayasimha Rayalu, Moallem, Uzi, Kamer, Hadar, Kočvarová, Radka, Nemirovski, Alina, Contreras, G. Andres, Tam, Joseph, Zachut, Maya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Adipose
Adipose tissue
Anandamide
Animal lactation
Arachidonic acid
Bioaccumulation
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors
Cannabinoids
Cytotoxicity
Dairy cattle
Dairy cows
Diet
Dietary supplements
Endocannabinoid system
Energy
Energy metabolism
Enzymes
Fatty acids
Flaxseed oil
Inflammation
Lactation
Leukocytes
Leukocytes (mononuclear)
Lipase
Lipid metabolism
Lipids
Lipolysis
Liver
Lymphocytes T
Metabolic rate
Metabolism
Milk
Omega-3
Palmitoylethanolamide
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Plasma
Plasma levels
Postpartum
Pregnancy
Proteins
Receptors
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Summary:Background Dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) by decreasing the availability of arachidonic acid, thus lowering endocannabinoids (eCBs) levels. The ECS is a modulator of energy metabolism, stress response and inflammation in mammals, yet there is little information on the roles of the ECS in transition dairy cows. During the periparturient period, the adipose tissue and liver are the main metabolic organs that participate in the adaptations of dairy cows to onset of lactation; however, exceeded adipose tissue lipolysis and accumulation of lipids in the liver have adverse effects on cows’ physiology. Here we aimed to examine whether omega-3 supplementation during the transition period will modulate ECS activation and affect metabolic and inflammatory indices in postpartum dairy cows, by supplementing twenty-eight transition Holstein dairy cows with either saturated fat (CTL) or encapsulated flaxseed oil (FLX). Components of the ECS, metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured in blood, liver, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results FLX supplementation reduced feed intake by 8.1% (P 
ISSN:2049-1891
1674-9782
2049-1891
DOI:10.1186/s40104-022-00761-9