Methylene Blue Inhibits Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Virus Production and Induction of Caspase-3 Mediated Human Corneal Cell Cytopathy

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a highly contagious eye disease caused by enterovirus type 70 (E70) and Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v) with no clinically approved treatment. The antiviral activity of methylene blue (MB; a WHO essential medicine) against AHC viruses was investigated usi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) N.Z.), 2020-01, Vol.14, p.4483-4492
Main Authors: Langford, Marlyn P, Sebren, Alexandra R, Burch, Maxwell A, Redens, Thomas B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiviral agents
Apoptosis
caspase
Cell culture
Conjunctivitis
Cornea
coxsackievirus a24
Coxsackievirus infections
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Digital cameras
DNA
enterovirus 70
epidemic
Epidemics
Ethanol
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Experiments
eye
Health aspects
infection
Infections
Laboratories
Methylene blue
Microscopy
Neomycin
Ophthalmic drugs
Original Research
Photographic industry
Software
Viruses
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Summary:Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a highly contagious eye disease caused by enterovirus type 70 (E70) and Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v) with no clinically approved treatment. The antiviral activity of methylene blue (MB; a WHO essential medicine) against AHC viruses was investigated using human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC). Time and concentration-dependent MB accumulation by HCEC was determined colorimetrically and MB inhibition of virus production of 5 E70 and 3 CA24v AHC epidemic isolates in HCEC was determined by micro-plaque assay. AHC virus cytopathy inhibition by MB was detected by reductions in virus-induced caspase-3 activity and polymeric DNA fragments. MB uptake by HCEC was rapid and concentration dependent. MB inhibition of E70 and CA24v production was concentration dependent. AHC virus yields were significantly lower (50 to >10,000 fold) in HCEC pre-treated with 0.25-1% MB than in placebo controls (p's ≤ 0.01). MB pre-treatment significantly inhibited virus-induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation (p's
ISSN:1177-5467
1177-5483
1177-5483
DOI:10.2147/OPTH.S275762