Protective Action of Neurotrophic Factors and Estrogen against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neurodegeneration

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are important for maintenance of neuronal functio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Toxicology 2011-01, Vol.2011 (2011), p.177-188
Main Authors: Numakawa, Tadahiro, Matsumoto, Tomoya, Numakawa, Yumiko, Richards, Misty, Yamawaki, Shigeto, Kunugi, Hiroshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Kinases
Lipids
Proteins
Review
Science
Studies
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Summary:Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are important for maintenance of neuronal function, though elevated levels lead to neuronal cell death. A complex series of events including excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration. As expected, many antioxidants like phytochemicals and vitamins are known to reduce oxidative toxicity. Additionally, growing evidence indicates that neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and estrogens significantly prevent neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress. Here, we review and discuss recent studies addressing the protective mechanisms of neurotrophic factors and estrogen within this system.
ISSN:1687-8191
1687-8205
DOI:10.1155/2011/405194