Adaptive Fabrication of Electrochemical Chips with a Paste-Dispensing 3D Printer

Electrochemical (EC) detection is a powerful tool supporting simple, low-cost, and rapid analysis. Although screen printing is commonly used to mass fabricate disposable EC chips, its mask is relatively expensive. In this research, we demonstrated a method for fabricating three-electrode EC chips us...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-05, Vol.24 (9), p.2844
Main Authors: Wong, Ten It, Ng, Candy, Lin, Shengxuan, Chen, Zhong, Zhou, Xiaodong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D printers
3D printing
additive manufacture
Carbon black
Chloride
Design
disposable EC chip
electrochemical (EC)
Electrodes
Electrons
Gold
Polyesters
Potassium
Screen printing
sensing
Silver
Viscosity
Voltammetry
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Summary:Electrochemical (EC) detection is a powerful tool supporting simple, low-cost, and rapid analysis. Although screen printing is commonly used to mass fabricate disposable EC chips, its mask is relatively expensive. In this research, we demonstrated a method for fabricating three-electrode EC chips using 3D printing of relatively high-viscosity paste. The electrodes consisted of two layers, with carbon paste printed over silver/silver chloride paste, and the printed EC chips were baked at 70 °C for 1 h. Engineering challenges such as bulging of the tubing, clogging of the nozzle, dripping, and local accumulation of paste were solved by material selection for the tube and nozzle, and process optimization in 3D printing. The EC chips demonstrated good reversibility in redox reactions through cyclic voltammetry tests, and reliably detected heavy metal ions Pb(II) and Cd(II) in solutions using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry measurements. The results indicate that by optimizing the 3D printing of paste, EC chips can be obtained by maskless and flexible 3D printing techniques in lieu of screen printing.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s24092844