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Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears
In spite of the wide-ranging literature on the microbiology of normal and abnormal flora of the vagina, there are few studies on the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and other vaginal microorganisms. To analyze the frequency of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) and other agent...
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| Published in: | São Paulo medical journal 2000-07, Vol.118 (4), p.105-108 |
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| creator | Murta, E F Souza, M A Araújo Júnior, E Adad, S J |
| description | In spite of the wide-ranging literature on the microbiology of normal and abnormal flora of the vagina, there are few studies on the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and other vaginal microorganisms.
To analyze the frequency of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) and other agents like Candida sp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis in cytological smears.
Retrospective study
A public tertiary referral center.
An analysis of 17,391 cytologies from outpatients seen between January 1997 and August 1998. The control group was made up of patients in the same age group and same period with no cytological evidence of HPV infection. Patients with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III were excluded from this analysis.
The diagnosis of HPV infection was made in accordance with the criteria of Schneider et al. and the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis was made with a finding of clue cells.
390 (2. 24%) had alterations consistent with infection by HPV, sometimes associated with CIN I. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was the most frequent agent in women with HPV infection (23.6% versus 17.4%; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1590/S1516-31802000000400006 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_cf26eea72dd74ac096472df4630d6488</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><scielo_id>S1516_31802000000400006</scielo_id><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_cf26eea72dd74ac096472df4630d6488</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>71216837</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3786-312389f0398e17c4f4df6fc4e186eba7719c942ba5df75045dfee443a63888933</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9UcFuGyEQRVWqJk36Cy2nnOoUFgzssbKS1FKkHtpeg8YwuFjssgVvJP99194oilSpHJgneO_N6A0hnzi74cuWffnBl1wtBDesYacjj5d6Qy5ePs5e4XPyvtYdY41RvHlHzjkzRgujLsjjunfRY--Q5kDvofgeC6YE9Am2sYcU62e6gt5HD7QOdEL099hBTwcYYkq5m5ixjJXGnrrDPqe8jQ4SrR1CqVfkbYBU8cNzvSS_7m5_rr4tHr7fr1dfHxZOaHOcsRGmDUy0Brl2MkgfVHASuVG4Aa1561rZbGDpg14yORVEKQUoYYxphbgk69nXZ9jZocQOysFmiPb0kMvWQtlHl9C60ChE0I33WoJjrZITDlIJ5pU0ZvK6mb2qi5iy3eWxTEFUewrd_hP6JLieBUPJf0ase9vF6o4h9pjHajVvuDJCT0Q9E13JtRYML5NyZo97_U-Lj88txk2H_pVuXqT4C4m8mkY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>71216837</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears</title><source>SciELO Brazil</source><source>IngentaConnect Journals</source><creator>Murta, E F ; Souza, M A ; Araújo Júnior, E ; Adad, S J</creator><creatorcontrib>Murta, E F ; Souza, M A ; Araújo Júnior, E ; Adad, S J</creatorcontrib><description>In spite of the wide-ranging literature on the microbiology of normal and abnormal flora of the vagina, there are few studies on the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and other vaginal microorganisms.
To analyze the frequency of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) and other agents like Candida sp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis in cytological smears.
Retrospective study
A public tertiary referral center.
An analysis of 17,391 cytologies from outpatients seen between January 1997 and August 1998. The control group was made up of patients in the same age group and same period with no cytological evidence of HPV infection. Patients with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III were excluded from this analysis.
The diagnosis of HPV infection was made in accordance with the criteria of Schneider et al. and the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis was made with a finding of clue cells.
390 (2. 24%) had alterations consistent with infection by HPV, sometimes associated with CIN I. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was the most frequent agent in women with HPV infection (23.6% versus 17.4%; P <0.05), while in the control group the most frequent agent was Candida sp. (23.9% versus 13.8%; p <0.001).
In spite of this study being based solely on cytological criteria, in which specific HPV and Gardnerella diagnostic tests were not used, the cytological smear is widely used in clinical practice and the data presented in this investigation show that there is an association between Gardnerella vaginalis and HPV infection. It remains to be established whether the microorganisms favor each other.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1516-3180</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1806-9460</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1516-3180</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1590/S1516-31802000000400006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10887386</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Brazil: Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM</publisher><subject>Adult ; Animals ; Brazil - epidemiology ; Candida albicans - isolation & purification ; Candida sp ; Candidiasis - complications ; Candidiasis - epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytological smear ; Female ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; Gardnerella vaginalis - isolation & purification ; Human papilloma virus ; Humans ; MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae - isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections - complications ; Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification ; Trichomonas Vaginitis - complications ; Trichomonas Vaginitis - epidemiology ; Tumor Virus Infections - complications ; Tumor Virus Infections - epidemiology ; Vaginal Smears ; Vaginosis, Bacterial - complications ; Vaginosis, Bacterial - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>São Paulo medical journal, 2000-07, Vol.118 (4), p.105-108</ispartof><rights>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3786-312389f0398e17c4f4df6fc4e186eba7719c942ba5df75045dfee443a63888933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3786-312389f0398e17c4f4df6fc4e186eba7719c942ba5df75045dfee443a63888933</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,24150,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10887386$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Murta, E F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Araújo Júnior, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adad, S J</creatorcontrib><title>Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears</title><title>São Paulo medical journal</title><addtitle>Sao Paulo Med J</addtitle><description>In spite of the wide-ranging literature on the microbiology of normal and abnormal flora of the vagina, there are few studies on the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and other vaginal microorganisms.
To analyze the frequency of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) and other agents like Candida sp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis in cytological smears.
Retrospective study
A public tertiary referral center.
An analysis of 17,391 cytologies from outpatients seen between January 1997 and August 1998. The control group was made up of patients in the same age group and same period with no cytological evidence of HPV infection. Patients with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III were excluded from this analysis.
The diagnosis of HPV infection was made in accordance with the criteria of Schneider et al. and the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis was made with a finding of clue cells.
390 (2. 24%) had alterations consistent with infection by HPV, sometimes associated with CIN I. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was the most frequent agent in women with HPV infection (23.6% versus 17.4%; P <0.05), while in the control group the most frequent agent was Candida sp. (23.9% versus 13.8%; p <0.001).
In spite of this study being based solely on cytological criteria, in which specific HPV and Gardnerella diagnostic tests were not used, the cytological smear is widely used in clinical practice and the data presented in this investigation show that there is an association between Gardnerella vaginalis and HPV infection. It remains to be established whether the microorganisms favor each other.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Brazil - epidemiology</subject><subject>Candida albicans - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Candida sp</subject><subject>Candidiasis - complications</subject><subject>Candidiasis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cytological smear</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gardnerella vaginalis</subject><subject>Gardnerella vaginalis - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Human papilloma virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Papillomaviridae - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Papillomavirus Infections - complications</subject><subject>Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Trichomonas Vaginitis - complications</subject><subject>Trichomonas Vaginitis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tumor Virus Infections - complications</subject><subject>Tumor Virus Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vaginal Smears</subject><subject>Vaginosis, Bacterial - complications</subject><subject>Vaginosis, Bacterial - epidemiology</subject><issn>1516-3180</issn><issn>1806-9460</issn><issn>1516-3180</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UcFuGyEQRVWqJk36Cy2nnOoUFgzssbKS1FKkHtpeg8YwuFjssgVvJP99194oilSpHJgneO_N6A0hnzi74cuWffnBl1wtBDesYacjj5d6Qy5ePs5e4XPyvtYdY41RvHlHzjkzRgujLsjjunfRY--Q5kDvofgeC6YE9Am2sYcU62e6gt5HD7QOdEL099hBTwcYYkq5m5ixjJXGnrrDPqe8jQ4SrR1CqVfkbYBU8cNzvSS_7m5_rr4tHr7fr1dfHxZOaHOcsRGmDUy0Brl2MkgfVHASuVG4Aa1561rZbGDpg14yORVEKQUoYYxphbgk69nXZ9jZocQOysFmiPb0kMvWQtlHl9C60ChE0I33WoJjrZITDlIJ5pU0ZvK6mb2qi5iy3eWxTEFUewrd_hP6JLieBUPJf0ase9vF6o4h9pjHajVvuDJCT0Q9E13JtRYML5NyZo97_U-Lj88txk2H_pVuXqT4C4m8mkY</recordid><startdate>20000706</startdate><enddate>20000706</enddate><creator>Murta, E F</creator><creator>Souza, M A</creator><creator>Araújo Júnior, E</creator><creator>Adad, S J</creator><general>Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM</general><general>Associação Paulista de Medicina</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>GPN</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000706</creationdate><title>Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears</title><author>Murta, E F ; Souza, M A ; Araújo Júnior, E ; Adad, S J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3786-312389f0398e17c4f4df6fc4e186eba7719c942ba5df75045dfee443a63888933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Brazil - epidemiology</topic><topic>Candida albicans - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Candida sp</topic><topic>Candidiasis - complications</topic><topic>Candidiasis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cytological smear</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gardnerella vaginalis</topic><topic>Gardnerella vaginalis - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Human papilloma virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Papillomaviridae - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Papillomavirus Infections - complications</topic><topic>Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Trichomonas Vaginitis - complications</topic><topic>Trichomonas Vaginitis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tumor Virus Infections - complications</topic><topic>Tumor Virus Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vaginal Smears</topic><topic>Vaginosis, Bacterial - complications</topic><topic>Vaginosis, Bacterial - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Murta, E F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Araújo Júnior, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adad, S J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>SciELO</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>São Paulo medical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Murta, E F</au><au>Souza, M A</au><au>Araújo Júnior, E</au><au>Adad, S J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears</atitle><jtitle>São Paulo medical journal</jtitle><addtitle>Sao Paulo Med J</addtitle><date>2000-07-06</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>118</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>105</spage><epage>108</epage><pages>105-108</pages><issn>1516-3180</issn><issn>1806-9460</issn><eissn>1516-3180</eissn><abstract>In spite of the wide-ranging literature on the microbiology of normal and abnormal flora of the vagina, there are few studies on the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and other vaginal microorganisms.
To analyze the frequency of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) and other agents like Candida sp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis in cytological smears.
Retrospective study
A public tertiary referral center.
An analysis of 17,391 cytologies from outpatients seen between January 1997 and August 1998. The control group was made up of patients in the same age group and same period with no cytological evidence of HPV infection. Patients with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III were excluded from this analysis.
The diagnosis of HPV infection was made in accordance with the criteria of Schneider et al. and the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis was made with a finding of clue cells.
390 (2. 24%) had alterations consistent with infection by HPV, sometimes associated with CIN I. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was the most frequent agent in women with HPV infection (23.6% versus 17.4%; P <0.05), while in the control group the most frequent agent was Candida sp. (23.9% versus 13.8%; p <0.001).
In spite of this study being based solely on cytological criteria, in which specific HPV and Gardnerella diagnostic tests were not used, the cytological smear is widely used in clinical practice and the data presented in this investigation show that there is an association between Gardnerella vaginalis and HPV infection. It remains to be established whether the microorganisms favor each other.</abstract><cop>Brazil</cop><pub>Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM</pub><pmid>10887386</pmid><doi>10.1590/S1516-31802000000400006</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1516-3180 |
| ispartof | São Paulo medical journal, 2000-07, Vol.118 (4), p.105-108 |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_cf26eea72dd74ac096472df4630d6488 |
| source | SciELO Brazil; IngentaConnect Journals |
| subjects | Adult Animals Brazil - epidemiology Candida albicans - isolation & purification Candida sp Candidiasis - complications Candidiasis - epidemiology Case-Control Studies Cytological smear Female Gardnerella vaginalis Gardnerella vaginalis - isolation & purification Human papilloma virus Humans MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Middle Aged Papillomaviridae - isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections - complications Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology Retrospective Studies Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification Trichomonas Vaginitis - complications Trichomonas Vaginitis - epidemiology Tumor Virus Infections - complications Tumor Virus Infections - epidemiology Vaginal Smears Vaginosis, Bacterial - complications Vaginosis, Bacterial - epidemiology |
| title | Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears |
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