Apple pomace improves liver and adipose inflammatory and antioxidant status in young female rats consuming a Western diet

• Published in: Journal of functional foods 2019-10, Vol.61, Article 103471
• Main Authors: Skinner, R. Chris, Warren, Derek C., Naveed, Minahal, Agarwal, Garima, Benedito, Vagner A., Tou, Janet C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antioxidant; Apple pomace; Fatty acid; Inflammation; NAFLD; NASH; Sustainability
• ISSN: 1756-4646; 2214-9414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103471

[Display omitted] •Apple pomace (AP) is a nutrient rich “waste” byproduct from apple processing.•NASH is Western diet-driven and can be treated with antioxidants.•Western/AP improved fatty acid, inflammatory gene expression, & antioxidant status.•AP has potential to be repurposed as a functional food to aid in NASH treatment. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is diet-driven and characterized by inflammation and alterations in liver-adipose fatty acid transport. Diet modification is the main treatment for NASH, with high antioxidant diets suggested. Apple pomace, an antioxidant-rich apple processing “waste” byproduct, has potential as a functional food in alleviating NASH. To investigate apple pomace and NASH, growing female Sprague-Dawley rats consumed one of four diets for 8 weeks: AIN-93G, AIN-93G/10% g/kg caloric substitution with apple pomace (AIN/AP), Western diet, or Western/10% apple pomace (Western/AP). Apple pomace substitution decreased Western-diet induced hepatic histological evidence of inflammation and positively influenced liver and adipose tissue saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid content. Further, rats consuming Western/AP had downregulated hepatic and adipose proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and improved antioxidant status compared to rats consuming a Western diet. Based on the results, apple pomace attenuated features of Western diet-induced NASH and supports apple pomace use as a sustainable functional food.