The role of Piezo1 and Piezo2 proteins in tissue engineering: A Comprehensive review

• Published in: Engineered regeneration 2024-06, Vol.5 (2), p.170-185
• Main Authors: Tadge, Tejaswini, Pattewar, Ashwini, More, Namdev, Babu, Srivalliputtur Sarath, Velyutham, Ravichandiran, Kapusetti, Govinda
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Mechanoreceptors; Mechanotransduction; Piezo1; Piezo2; Tissue regeneration
• ISSN: 2666-1381; 2666-1381
• DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2024.03.001

•Piezo1 and Piezo2 are the two novel mechanosensitive ion channels found in humans.•Piezo's are a sizeable trimeric protein with a three-bladed, propeller-like structure.•Two models- ‘Force from filament’ and ‘Force from lipid’, explain how piezo responds to the mechanical forces and converts them into biological responses.•Piezo receptors are present in different mechanosensitive tissues and determines the cell fate in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Almost every life form, from the tiniest bacterium to humans, is mechanosensitive, implying it can use mechanical stresses to trigger certain physiological responses in the form of electric signals. Mechanotransduction largely relies on ion channels that respond to mechanical forces, such as the epithelial sodium channels/degenerins, transient receptor potential channel, and the two-pore domain potassium channel. Piezo1 and Piezo2 proteins were discovered to be the biggest non-selective mechanosensitive cation channels in the cell membrane. A substantial amount of research has previously been published on the Piezo channel's function in touch sensation, balance, and cardiovascular regression. However, the mechanistic perspective must be refined to fully understand the role of Piezo proteins in tissue engineering. This review centers on the latest insights into the structure of Piezo channels, activation mechanisms, and its interactions with cytoskeletal components, by emphasizing the physiological activities of Piezo channels in different tissues. The study also places focus on the possibilities of targeting this cation channel family as a tissue regeneration aid. [Display omitted]