Adipocyte Phenotype Flexibility and Lipid Dysregulation

The prevalence of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases continues to rise, despite efforts to improve global health. The adipose tissue is now regarded as an endocrine organ since its multitude of secretions, lipids chief among them, regulate systemic functions. The loss of normal adipose...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-03, Vol.11 (5), p.882
Main Authors: Preston, Kyle J, Scalia, Rosario G, Autieri, Michael V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
Adipocytes - metabolism
Adipose tissue
Body fat
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Catecholamines
Disease
Fatty acids
Flexibility
Genotype & phenotype
Glycerol
Homeostasis
Humans
hypertrophy
Hypoxia
Inflammation
Insulin Resistance
Kinases
lipid buffering
Lipids
lipolysis
Metabolism
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Pathogenesis
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Phosphorylation
Plasma
Proteins
Public health
Review
Secretions
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Summary:The prevalence of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases continues to rise, despite efforts to improve global health. The adipose tissue is now regarded as an endocrine organ since its multitude of secretions, lipids chief among them, regulate systemic functions. The loss of normal adipose tissue phenotypic flexibility, especially related to lipid homeostasis, appears to trigger cardiometabolic pathogenesis. The goal of this manuscript is to review lipid balance maintenance by the lean adipose tissue's propensity for phenotype switching, obese adipose tissue's narrower range of phenotype flexibility, and what initial factors account for the waning lipid regulatory capacity. Metabolic, hypoxic, and inflammatory factors contribute to the adipose tissue phenotype being made rigid. A better grasp of normal adipose tissue function provides the necessary context for recognizing the extent of obese adipose tissue dysfunction and gaining insight into how pathogenesis evolves.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells11050882