Advanced Functional Electromagnetic Shielding Materials: A Review Based on Micro-Nano Structure Interface Control of Biomass Cell Walls

• Published in: Nano-micro letters 2025-12, Vol.17 (1), p.3-37, Article 3
• Main Authors: Shi, Yang, Wu, Mingjun, Ge, Shengbo, Li, Jianzhang, Alshammari, Anoud Saud, Luo, Jing, Amin, Mohammed A., Qiu, Hua, Jiang, Jinxuan, Asiri, Yazeed M., Huang, Runzhou, Hou, Hua, El-Bahy, Zeinhom M., Guo, Zhanhu, Jia, Chong, Xu, Kaimeng, Chen, Xiangmeng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bamboo; Biomass; Biomass materials; Cellulose; Conductivity; Electrical resistivity; Electromagnetic interference; Electromagnetic interference shielding; Electromagnetic shielding; Engineering; Lignin; Micro-nano structure interface control; Nanoscale Science and Technology; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Porous materials; Review
• ISSN: 2311-6706; 2150-5551; 2150-5551
• DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01494-2

Highlights The advantages of biomass materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are analyzed, the mechanism of EMI shielding is summarized, and the factors affecting EMI shielding are analyzed systematically. Various biomass materials (wood, bamboo, lignin, cellulose) were modified to obtain unique structures and improve EMI shielding performance. The problems encountered in the application of biomass materials for EMI shielding are summarized, and the potential development and application in the future are prospected. Research efforts on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials. These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight, porous, and hierarchical. Due to their porous nature, interfacial compatibility, and electrical conductivity, biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials. Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported, this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials. In particular, a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment, preparation process, and micro-control would be valuable. The preparation methods and characteristics of wood, bamboo, cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper, and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed. The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed. this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.